2. Types of colonies

3. The Colonies

4. Jamestown ( )
Created by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company
Major problems in beginning: 1) Weather 2) Location Disease 3) Native American attacks 4) Laziness
Hero of Jamestown= John Smith, becomes governor in 1608
Makes alliance w/Native American chief Powhatan

5. Jamestown, “the starving time”
Similar problems as first year: Starvation & disease, Impact: 1) Powhatan Natives bailed on alliance, not profitable 2) British began attacks on Native Americans for food/resources 3) Almost abandonment of Jamestown

6. Virginian Gold

7. Plymouth & Massachusetts Bay
Created out of religious motivations
Plymouth (1620): Pilgrims/Separatists (Radical Protestants); Raised funds to take Mayflower to Plymouth Rock; Mingled well w/Native Americans for some time
Massachusetts Bay (1629/1630): Puritans & Massachusetts Bay Company; Led by John Winthrop his idea of a “City Upon a Hill”

8. New England Colonies

9. The Puritans
Puritans sought a homogenous (like-minded) community that was based on strong religious beliefs & literacy
Very strict rules; Focus on outward displays of Christianity (Conversion, church attendance, ability to read the bible, not questioning/criticizing)

10. New England (continued)
Rhode Island (1644)= Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson; Tolerant of all faiths, refuge

11. Connecticut & New Hampshire (New England)
Formed in 1665 after founding of Hartford (1636) & New Haven (1637); Royal Charter; 1st written constitution
New Hampshire, separated from Mass. Bay (1679), King Charles II made it a royal colony

12. New England Confederation (1643)
Alliance b/t Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, & Connecticut
Two reps from each colony
King Philip’s War ( )= Wampanoags vs. Colonists; Colonists aided by Iroquois Confederation

13. Chesapeake Colonies= Maryland & Virginia
Maryland= 1st proprietary colony, chartered in 1632; Catholic Haven

14. New York & New Jersey
NY, 1664: Charles II grants land to Duke of York, taken from Dutch
NJ, 1664: Given to Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret

15. The Carolinas
1663= 8 nobles granted Carolinas, 1729= Royal North & South Carolinas united

16. Pennsylvania & Delaware
1681= William Penn granted Pennsylvania
1702= Lower 3 counties of PA become Delaware

17. Georgia
1732= Chartered, Direct financial support from London; James Oglethorpe

18. Mercantilism & Navigation Acts
Economic philosophy, wealth determines a country’s military/economic/political strength
Goal: Maximize exports/minimize imports of a colony

19. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Caused by economic issues b/t large & small planters, failed leadership, & failed protection from Indian attacks

20. Impact of Bacon’s Rebellion
1) Shifted away from use of indentured servants More use of African slaves
2) England attempts to take more control of colonies
Mercantilist policies
Creation of the Dominion of New England ( )

21. Slavery

22. House of Burgesses & Mayflower Compact

23. Regional differences of the colonies

24. Are the British alone?

25. Population changes 1700s
1701 (250,000); 1775 (2,500,000)= Large immigration & high birthrate (Almost 8 children per family)
Immigrant groups: Germans & Scotch-Irish (Moved from Scotland to Ireland then colonies, Protestants)

26. Emergence of political culture
Colonies led by governors appointed by the King, proprietors, or popular vote (RI/CT)
Legislatures of colonies consisted of two houses: Upper & Lower House
Lower House: Reps. (elected by eligible voters) voted on taxes
Upper House: Reps. appointed by the King & proprietors, approved or rejected governor’s proposed laws

27. Emergence of Political culture
The Press: Newspapers rose dramatically during the 1700s
The Zenger Case (1735) Idea of Freedom of the Press