Vocabulary

 Type of literature  DramaPoetryProse Plays, scriptsStanzasFiction Format has dialogue by character and stage directions Various types and forms of poetry Nonfiction

 Novels  Traditional Literature  Short Stories  Realistic Fiction  Historical Fiction  Mystery  Adventure  Science Fiction  NOT REAL

 Autobiography  Biography  Diaries, Journals, Memoirs  Reference  Essays  Articles  Reports  Interviews  REAL

 Call Numbers  Nonfiction has a call number on the lower portion of the spine.  Fiction will have a “F” followed by the first three letters of the author’s name.

 Know what your purpose is when you start reading.  Read the title, look at the cover and any additional information given on the book to help you connect to prior knowledge.

 Check for understanding by asking questions.  Look at pictures when possible  Make predictions about what will happen next  Form pictures in your mind as you read  Use context clues and inference to understand new words.

Use the following words to help you make predictions about the story you will be reading:

 Draw conclusions about what you have read.  Summarize the passage.  Locate the main idea or theme.  Make connections with things you already have read or know

 In the first section of your notebook that is labeled Journals, answer the following question.  What is the setting of the classroom? Describe and explain your observations.

Time- when the story occurs Chronological Season Historical Period Place-where the story occurs Geographical Location Mood -how the reader feels Created by descriptions from the author Created by character’s reactions and feelings Sensory-used by the author to help create the mood Five senses- Taste, smell, see, hear, and touch

1.Dynamic1.Static 2. Protagonist2. Antagonist 3. Indirect Characterization3. Direct characterization

 Protagonist- main or leading character  Antagonist- character that opposes the protagonist  Static- a character that doesn’t change over the course of the story  Dynamic- a character that undergoes a permanent change during the story

 Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.  Direct Characterization tells the audience what the personality of the character is. Example- “The patient boy and the quiet girl…” The author is directly telling the audience about the personality of the two characters. The boy is patient and the girl is quiet.

SpeechWhat does the character say? How does the character speak? ThoughtsWhat is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings? Effect on others toward the character What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character? ActionWhat does the character do? How does the character behave? LooksWhat does the character look like?

Type of Indirect Characterization ExamplesExplanationCharacter Speech Thoughts Effect on Others Actions Looks

 Exposition-introduces the setting, characters and basic situation  Rising Action-conflicts are introduced  Climax- also called the turning point is the moment when the protagonist has to make a decision  Falling Action- events that occur as the conflicts are resolved  Resolution or denouement- ending

 The theme can be stated or implied.  A theme is not the same as the subject of a work.  To find the theme, look at what characters say and do, where the story takes place, and objects that seem important in order to determine the theme.  Ask what does the author want me to learn about life.

 An inference is an intelligent guess, based on what the text tells you, about things not directly stated in the text.  One way to make inferences is by asking questions.  Good questions to ask are “Why does the writer include these details?” and “What details does the writer leave out?”

 In the second paragraph on page 139, what inference can you draw from the detail that people are clutching dollars?  In the last paragraph on page 139, what inference can you draw about the Professor from the description of his clothing?  In the 4 th paragraph on page 140,what inference can you draw about the horse spiders from the way they file out of their cages, listen to Hugo’s parting words, and then scurry away?

 In the 5 th paragraph on page 140, what inference can you draw from the she- creature’s reaction to her mate and offspring’s arrival?

 What is the setting? If there is more than one setting, name and briefly describe each one.  What do the main characters say? Summarize what the following characters say. Hugo- Person from Earth- She-creature- He-creature- Little creature-

 How do the characters act? Describe the actions of the people in Chicago and the actions of the horse-spider creatures.  What objects seem important?  What is the subject or topic of Zoo?  Based on these details, what would you say the theme is?