1. Elements of Literature
The Short Story Unit

2. Standards
E1-1 Read and comprehend a variety of literary texts in print and non print forms.
E1-2 Read and comprehend a variety of informational texts in print and non print forms.
E1-3 Use word analysis and vocabulary strategies to read fluently.

3. Standards
E1-4 create written work that has clear focus, sufficient detail, coherent organization, effective use of voice, correct use of conventions of Standard American English.
E1-5 write for a variety of purposes.
E1-6 Access and use information from a variety of sources.

4. Elements of Literature

5. Elements of Literature include:
Genre
Types or categories of literature. Genre groups are determined by the structure and the characteristics they share.

6. Genre (Types of Literature) include:
Nonfiction- true, real life information
Biography
Autobiography
Essays, Speeches
Journals and Diaries
Reports
Fiction-Imaginary stories created by the writer.
Novel (Extended Narrative story) Fables, Fairy Tales, Myths, Legends, Romance, Science Fiction.
Short Story (Brief condensed stories)

7. Genre continued…
Poetry- literature that conveys emotion and self expression.
Prose- All writing that is not poetry.
Drama- Literature intended to be acted out (performed).
Radio scripts
T.V. scripts
Plays

8. Characters
The Figures in the story. These can be people and animals also.
Characterization
Direct and indirect ways to identify and describe characters.

9. Characters include: Narrator The person telling the story. Protagonist
The main character. Often called the hero or the good guy.
Antagonist
The person, situation, or thing that is trying to prevent the protagonist from achieving his/her goal. Often called the enemy, the bad guy, or the villain.
Foil
A character who is the direct opposite of another character. He/she is included in the story to emphasize specific details about others.

10. Writers use Characterization to develop characters by:
Description
For example, How characters look, dress and how old they are.
Narration
Telling the story through the speaker.
Dialogue
Conversation between two or more characters.
Dialect
The way the characters speak. (Regional accents, culture specific phrases and slang).
Actions
What the characters actually do. This often indicates how they think and feel without saying it.

11. Plot
The sequence or series of related events in a story. It is the order in which they happen. The plot diagram maps out the way that a story unfolds.

12. Part of the Plot Plot Diagram Climax Suspense Falling Action
The most intense part of the story.
The highpoint.
Plot Diagram
Suspense
(excitement and anticipation)
Foreshadowing
(hints or clues that something is about to happen)
Falling Action
The story is winding down.
Readers begin to understand
what has happened and why.
Rising Action
Story begins to develop
Conflict is beginning to surface.
Resolution
Conflict is solved.
Exposition
Characters
Setting
Solution
The end

13. Elements of Literature continued…
Setting
The time, place and surroundings where the story occurs.
Theme
The message that the entire passage is communicating to the reader. Sometimes it is hidden (subliminal) and sometimes it is not hidden (apparent).
Universal Theme
Situations, relationships, and emotions that are common to all humans no matter when, where, or how they live.
Author’s Style
The way an author chooses to write.

14. Our Focus…
The Short Story

15. The Short Story Tells a complete story in just 500 to 15,000 words.
Most often, the story has a clear beginning, middle, and end.
It reveals the character’s personalities through actions and thoughts.

16. Short Story Titles Inform readers of story content.
Create curiosity for the reader.
Indicate main idea of the story.

17. Elements of the Short Story
Setting
Conflict
Point of View
First person- narrator uses “I, We, Us” Narrator is a part of the story.
Second Person- Narrator uses “You, and One” He/She speaks to the reader by indirectly addressing them.
Third Person- Narrator uses “He, She, They, Them” Story is told in a second handed way as though the narrator was watching it rather than participating in it.
Third person Limited- Narrator speaks in depth about only one character in the story.
Third Person Omniscient- narrator takes on a God-like quality. He/She goes in depth about all characters in the story.
Plot
Character
Theme

18. Tips for reading Short Stories.
Connect with the text.
Ask questions.
Make predictions.
Interpret.
Extend the text.
Challenge the text.
Use context clues.

19. Remember… Use a dictionary if one is available. Use context clues.
When you come across words that you do not recognize or understand you can do two things:
Use a dictionary if one is available.
Use context clues.

20. What does this mean?

21. Using context clues means
Using what’s already in your head and connecting it to what’s in the text. Look for small clues that indicate what the word may mean. These clues are usually in the sentence that contains the word, and the sentences before and after the word.

22. For example:
“I believe that all people should be treated the same. That’s why I am an advocate for equal rights”.
Use the clues in the sentence to determine what the word advocate means

23. Because the speaker stated the way he feels about how people are treated, we can infer (guess) that the word advocate means someone who supports, defends, or believes in a particular thing.
In this case, the speaker supports, defends, or believes in equal rights for everyone.

24. Are there any questions?

25. Time to Reflect

26. Prepare to answer the following questions:
Review your notes.
Prepare to answer the following questions:

27. 1.What are the elements of literature?
2.How are groups of literature categorized?
3.Which methods do author’s use to describe characters?
4.Explain the elements of the Plot Diagram. What information is offered in each part?

28. Review continued…
5.What is the difference between a short story and a novel?
6.How do Short Story titles help readers understand more about the story itself?
7.Instead of using a dictionary, what can a reader do to figure out unfamiliar words? Explain the process.

29. What are the elements of literature?
The elements of literature are:
Genre which includes non-fiction,fiction,poetry,drama,characters,characterization,plot,setting,theme,universaltheme,authors style.
The elements of literature are all of the components that make up literature.

30. 1.What are the elements of literature?

31. 2.How are groups of literature categorized?

32. 3.Which methods do author’s use to describe characters?

33. 4. Explain the elements of the Plot Diagram
4.Explain the elements of the Plot Diagram. What information is offered in each part?

34. 5.What is the difference between a short story and a novel?

35. 6.How do Short Story titles help readers understand more about the story itself?

36. 7.Instead of using a dictionary, what can a reader do to figure out unfamiliar words? Explain the process.