1. Literary Elements Major Test in class on 9/12/12

2. Study Resources Literary Terms List (given in class 1st week)
Prentice Hall Literature Textbook (students checked out copies 1st week)
pages 4-7
Glossary of Literary Terms in back (pages R21-30)
Workbook pages students removed and should have in English binder

3. Fiction
narrative prose about characters and events from the author’s imagination
basic elements
setting
plot
Characters
Dialogue
point of view
theme

4. Setting time and place a story takes place Setting can also
establish social, cultural, or economic standards that affect characters
add complications to the plot
contribute to the mood of the story

5. Plot sequence of events in the story
Exposition
Rising action
Climax
Falling action
Resolution

6. Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces
This is the problem that sets off the sequence of actions I which rise to the Climax – the point of greatest intensity.

7. Internal and External Conflict
Internal Conflict is a struggle within the mind of one character
External Conflict is between two characters, between a person and a group, or between a character and nature or fate
Conflicts are stated as
Man vs. _______

8. Characterization Writers use different methods of revealing a character’s personality to the reader
Direct Characterization – writers make direct statements about a character’s appearance, personality, goals, habits, or beliefs
Indirect Characterization – Readers draw conclusions based on the character’s words, thoughts, actions, and interactions with others.

9. Point of View
1st Person – told by narrator who is participating in the action
3rd person – a voice outside the of the story narrates
Omniscient – “all knowing” - can tell readers what each character is thinking / feeling
Limited – sees the world through one character’s eyes and reveals only that character’s thoughts

10. Theme and Universal Theme
underlying meaning or insight that an author conveys in a story Can be stated directly or implied A Universal Theme is a message about life that can be understood by most cultures. Examples: the important of honesty the danger of greed

11. Types of Fiction
Short stories - brief narratives, with carefully limited action that allows the writer to focus on one main plot complication
Novels - extended works of fiction that are usually organized into segments called chapters
can include subplots in addition to the main story line and may explore a number of characters in depth
Novellas - intermediate works of fiction that are longer than short stories but are concise and focused than novels.

12. Nonfiction…

13. Elements of Nonfiction
Tone - expresses an author’s attitude toward the subject and the reader. It is conveyed through choice of words and details
Perspective - the author’s point of view on the subject, including the opinions that the author expresses and the source of the author’s information—whether general research, for example , or personal experience
Purpose - author’s reason for writing. It may be to persuade, to inform, to entertain, or to describe

14. Nonfiction
Types of Nonfiction include
Literary Nonfictions
Informational Texts

15. Literary Nonfiction
Literary Nonfiction – personal examples and ideas with factual information. Examples are Personal Essays and Biographies

16. Informational Texts
Expository - present facts to increase the knowledge and understanding of an audience Examples are summaries and articles
Persuasive - written to influence the opinions or actions of an audience. Examples are speeches, debates, and advertisements
Procedural - explains a process. These texts often include visuals to help illustrate steps. Examples are instructions, recipes, and manuals