The Crusades Coach Parrish OMS Chapter 14, Section 3

The Message On November 18, 1095, a crowd gathered to hear the message of Pope Urban II. He urged his people to become soldiers for God. On November 18, 1095, a crowd gathered to hear the message of Pope Urban II. He urged his people to become soldiers for God. “You common people who have been miserable sinners, become soldiers of Christ! You nobles, do not fight with one another. Use your arms in a just war! Labor for an everlasting reward.”

The Message, cont. The crowd roared its approval. They shouted “God wills it!” Pope Urban II called for the people to capture the Holy Land – region sacred to Christians because Jesus had lived and taught there. The crowd roared its approval. They shouted “God wills it!” Pope Urban II called for the people to capture the Holy Land – region sacred to Christians because Jesus had lived and taught there.

Pope Urban Clermont

Causes of the Crusades Over the next 200 years, the Church launched eight military expeditions called the Crusades, to capture the Holy Land. Over the next 200 years, the Church launched eight military expeditions called the Crusades, to capture the Holy Land.

Pilgrims to the Holy Land Since about 200 AD, European Christians had been traveling to Jerusalem – city in the Holy Land sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Since about 200 AD, European Christians had been traveling to Jerusalem – city in the Holy Land sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Pilgrims – people who journey to a sacred place. Pilgrims – people who journey to a sacred place.

Rise of the Turks For centuries, Jerusalem had been controlled by Arab Muslims who welcomed Christian pilgrims. In the 1000s, the Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land and began attacking Christians. For centuries, Jerusalem had been controlled by Arab Muslims who welcomed Christian pilgrims. In the 1000s, the Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land and began attacking Christians. They also attacked Constantinople, capital of the Byzantines. They also attacked Constantinople, capital of the Byzantines.

Why Go to War?? The Pope wanted to return the Holy Land to the Christians. He wanted pilgrims to be able to visit the Holy Land without attack from the Turks. The Pope wanted to return the Holy Land to the Christians. He wanted pilgrims to be able to visit the Holy Land without attack from the Turks. He also wanted war because it would unite Europeans against the Muslims. The Crusades would also make him and the Church look better. He also wanted war because it would unite Europeans against the Muslims. The Crusades would also make him and the Church look better.

A Series of Crusades The pope’s best chance for capturing the Holy Land was with the lords and knights. Before these armies could assemble however, a group of common people set out for Jerusalem. The pope’s best chance for capturing the Holy Land was with the lords and knights. Before these armies could assemble however, a group of common people set out for Jerusalem.

Peter the Hermit and the People’s Crusade In 1096, a group of common people led by Peter the Hermit set out for battle. They settled in Constantinople and were advised to wait for help. The people rebelled and attacked the Turks. In 1096, a group of common people led by Peter the Hermit set out for battle. They settled in Constantinople and were advised to wait for help. The people rebelled and attacked the Turks. They were defeated as only a small part of his army survived. They were defeated as only a small part of his army survived.

Peter the Hermit – Leading the way to Jerusalem

The First Crusade At last, the European armies sent by Pope Urban II reached Constantinople. Joined by Peter’s army, the knights fought their way to Jerusalem. At last, the European armies sent by Pope Urban II reached Constantinople. Joined by Peter’s army, the knights fought their way to Jerusalem. They captured Jerusalem in 1099 killing 10,000 people in the process. After the battle, they set up four kingdoms. The kingdoms were attacked by the Muslims, causing more crusades. They captured Jerusalem in 1099 killing 10,000 people in the process. After the battle, they set up four kingdoms. The kingdoms were attacked by the Muslims, causing more crusades.

First Crusade Painting

Later Crusades The Second Crusade had little success. Then a strong Arab Muslim leader, Saladin, rose to power. The Second Crusade had little success. Then a strong Arab Muslim leader, Saladin, rose to power. By 1187, Saladin had retaken Jerusalem. King Richard I of England tried to persuade Saladin to give back Jerusalem. They worked out a deal where Christians were able to travel there again safely. By 1187, Saladin had retaken Jerusalem. King Richard I of England tried to persuade Saladin to give back Jerusalem. They worked out a deal where Christians were able to travel there again safely.

King Richard I - Lionheart

Statue of Saladin – Damascus (Place of Death)

Results of the Crusades The Crusades brought important and lasting changes to Europe even though the Crusaders were never able to regain all of the Holy Land. The Crusades brought important and lasting changes to Europe even though the Crusaders were never able to regain all of the Holy Land.

Increased Trade The European ships that were used to carry the Crusaders brought back important goods such as jewelry, glass, rugs, and spices. The increased trade helped the growth of towns. The European ships that were used to carry the Crusaders brought back important goods such as jewelry, glass, rugs, and spices. The increased trade helped the growth of towns. The Crusades also encouraged the use of money. People that far from home needed money to buy supplies. The Crusades also encouraged the use of money. People that far from home needed money to buy supplies.

New Ideas Returning Crusaders also brought new ideas and technology back to Europe. The Crusaders helped increase European knowledge of medicine, mathematics, and technology. Returning Crusaders also brought new ideas and technology back to Europe. The Crusaders helped increase European knowledge of medicine, mathematics, and technology. They also learned how to build ships and make maps. They also learned how to build ships and make maps.