1. Chapter 10 Lesson 2 The Crusades

2. Battle for Palestine Causes of the Crusades Seljuk Turks captured Palestine, including Jerusalem, in 1071 Seljuk Turks captured Palestine, including Jerusalem, in 1071 Jerusalem was sacred to Christians, Jews, Muslims Jerusalem was sacred to Christians, Jews, Muslims Seljuk's made Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem nearly impossible Seljuk's made Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem nearly impossible First Crusade began in 1096 First Crusade began in 1096

3. Battle for Palestine The First Crusade In 1096, European armies departed for Byzantine capital Constantinople In 1096, European armies departed for Byzantine capital Constantinople Christian forces captured Jerusalem in 1099 Christian forces captured Jerusalem in 1099 Christians divided land into four Crusader states: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem Christians divided land into four Crusader states: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem

4. Muslims Return to Power Saladin’s Rise To Power Second Crusade (1147–1149) began after Muslims recaptured Edessa Second Crusade (1147–1149) began after Muslims recaptured Edessa Saladin—Muslim political, military leader in late 1100s fought with Syrian army to defend Egypt from Crusaders. Saladin—Muslim political, military leader in late 1100s fought with Syrian army to defend Egypt from Crusaders. Saladin ruled Egypt and united Muslims to recapture Jerusalem in 1187 Saladin ruled Egypt and united Muslims to recapture Jerusalem in 1187

5. Muslims Return to Power The Third Crusade Pope called for Third Crusade (1189–1192) to recapture Jerusalem. Pope called for Third Crusade (1189–1192) to recapture Jerusalem. some of Europe's most powerful leaders joined the Crusade including: Englandʼs King Richard the Lion-Hearted some of Europe's most powerful leaders joined the Crusade including: Englandʼs King Richard the Lion-Hearted This crusade was successful at first, but failed to recapture Jerusalem. This crusade was successful at first, but failed to recapture Jerusalem. In 1192, Saladin and Richard agreed to a truce: the Muslims controlled Jerusalem and Christians allowed to visit Holy Land. In 1192, Saladin and Richard agreed to a truce: the Muslims controlled Jerusalem and Christians allowed to visit Holy Land.

6. Muslims Return to Power The Fourth Crusade Truce didn't last; Fourth Crusade (1202– 1204) launched Truce didn't last; Fourth Crusade (1202– 1204) launched Pope angered by attacks on Christian cities, but could not stop them. Pope angered by attacks on Christian cities, but could not stop them. Crusade ended and Byzantine Empire left even weaker. Crusade ended and Byzantine Empire left even weaker.

7. Muslims Recapture Palestine Effects of the Crusades By 1270, Muslims had driven Crusaders out of Palestine By 1270, Muslims had driven Crusaders out of Palestine Crusades didn't have permanent effect on Muslims in Palestine, but Christian traders and pilgrims continued efforts in Palestine. Crusades didn't have permanent effect on Muslims in Palestine, but Christian traders and pilgrims continued efforts in Palestine. Crusaders brought Asian goods to Europe (spices, furs, cloth, rice) Crusaders brought Asian goods to Europe (spices, furs, cloth, rice) The increase in trade helped European towns to grow. The increase in trade helped European towns to grow. Christians became increasingly hostile toward Jews and they believed non-Christians were their enemy. Christians became increasingly hostile toward Jews and they believed non-Christians were their enemy. Jews expelled from England, France; many moved to eastern Europe. Jews expelled from England, France; many moved to eastern Europe.

8. Muslims Recapture Palestine The Reconquista In 700s, Muslims conquered Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal today). In 700s, Muslims conquered Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal today). Muslim unity faltered by 1000; Spanish, Portuguese defeated Muslims. Muslim unity faltered by 1000; Spanish, Portuguese defeated Muslims. King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella unify Spain through religion, military. King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella unify Spain through religion, military. Inquisition—European court punished those opposed to Christianity. Inquisition—European court punished those opposed to Christianity.

9. Exit Question Do you think the lack of long-distance trade hurt society during the early Middle Ages?