Early Cold War & Rebuilding of Germany and Japan

Agenda 3/24/2014 Warm-up and Review Quiz Collect Homework Butter Battle Book Notes Iron Curtain Speech Map of Europe During the Cold War Homework- Political Cartoon

Yalta (1945) Meeting of three main allied leaders (Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill) Planned "the whole shape and structure of post-war Europe" Stalin had the right to control the governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet troops were already stationed throughout Eastern Europe as they pushed toward Germany) Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe  communist governments in Eastern European countries

Yalta (1945)

Soviet Union vs. United States Soviet Union is a Communist country (government controls the economy) with a totalitarian government (government controls what people see, hear, and do) United States is a capitalist country (individuals control the economy) with a democratic government (citizens elect their leaders)

Cold War- Iron Curtain Speech State of tension and hostility among nations without armed conflict between major rivals (U.S. and Soviet Union)

Early Cold War – Truman Doctrine Americans would resist Soviet expansion in Europe and elsewhere in the world Containment – limiting Communism to the areas already under Soviet control (Eastern Europe)

Truman Doctrine

Early Cold War – Iron Curtain Growing fear of Communism Division of Europe into a Western (democracies) and Eastern (Communist) Block

Early Cold War – Marshall Plan Aid packages and economic assistance to strengthen democratic governments (goal – prevent the spread of Communism into Western Europe)

Marshall Plan

Early Cold War – Military Alliances NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)  pledged to help one another if one of them was attacked Warsaw Pact  Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (response to the formation of NATO)

NATO

Germany after World War II

Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – Division in Germany West Germany – divided into three zones (British, French, and U.S.) East Germany – controlled by the Soviet Union/Communist government Berlin – split among four powers (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France)

Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – American occupation of Japan Led by Douglas MacArthur Goals – to destroy militarism and to ensure a democratic government Military & Political Reforms - reduced size of Japan’s military, have military forces only to defend Japan, & new constitution – gave power to the people, provided for elected representatives, and basic rights such as freedom of thought

Rebuilding German and Japan after World War II – American occupation of Japan Economic Reforms - Japan became an economic super power (exporting more than it imported)

Berlin Airlift Stalin wanted to force Westerners to evacuate Berlin by not allowing goods to be transported to West Berlin Western powers responded to blockade with a round the clock airlift (fuel, goods, and food) Soviets eventually ended the blockade

Berlin Airlift

Berlin Wall To stop people from leaving East Berlin Divides Berlin into two sections

Berlin Wall

United Nations - Goal International organization to secure peace More successful than League of Nations

United Nations General Assembly - Each nation had one vote Security Council (U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China) - have the right to veto any council decision – differences among these powerful nations kept the UN from taking action on controversial issues

United Nations – Role in Modern World Preventing disease Peacekeeping Protecting refugees Aiding the economic development of nations