Unit 1: Columbus, the New World and Settling North America

Three-sisters

A. Roanoke (N.C.) 1. First attempt at English colonization occurred in Roanoke, Ended in failure 3. theory – those who survived incorporated themselves w/natives or died.

Sir Walter Raleigh

England in the Chesapeake

B. Jamestown and the Powhatan Confederacy (1607) 5. Food issues “Starving Times” 6. Peace, Pocahontas, Rolfe? 1. Virginia Company a. What was it? b. Natives considered… 2. Powhatan Confederacy a. Political systems b. Mixed views towards Europeans 3. English led by.. 4. Failed at initial goals …( video clip )

B. Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare 1. Tobacco a. Why tobacco? b. drawbacks 2. Therefore, headright grants given by Va. Co. 3. Frontiers of exclusion 4. Va. Co. bankrupt = royal colony

B. Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare con’t 5. House of Burgesses (1619) Function? Financial matters 6. Population correlation between English and Algonquians?

C. Maryland 1. Contrast w/Virginia? a. Proprietary colony b. Religion 2. Compare w/Va.? a. tobacco b. Headright system

D. Indentured Servants (IS) 1. 75% of Chesapeake population 2. Contract of IS? 3. Background 4. Why not slaves at this time? 5. 2/5 th died b/4 services completed 6. Freedom dues /westward 7. Many return to England

E. Community Life/Chesapeake 1. Mortality rates across gender? How do women benefit? 2. Living conditions? 3. Connection to motherland?

3.3: The New England Colonies

A. Social and Political Values of Puritanism 1. Who are Puritans/Calvinist? 2. Supported by merchants, entrepreneurs and commercial farmers 3. Agents of economic and social change in England = 4. Conflicted w/traditional communities 5. Want to monitor behavior 6. King Charles I ( ) married Catholic; repressed religious freedoms = Great Migration

B. Early Contacts in New England 1. Previously controlled by French 2. English able to colonized due to… a. decimation of NA population b. No one to defend lands

C. Plymouth Colony and the Mayflower Compact (1620) 1. Pilgrims/Separatists 2. Led by…(WB) 3. Mayflower Compact? 4. First winter? Who helped? 5. Accomplishment as a community? a. Self-sufficiency b. 11 communities; problems?

D. Massachusetts Bay Colony 1. Mass. Bay Company 2. Led by… 3. Goal “city on a hill” 4. Great migration a b. City of Boston est. (1630) 5. General Court established 6. freemen

E. Indians and Puritans 1. Winthrop’s philosophy; “unused lands” 2. Who says they can take it? 3. Underhanded tactics for lands 4. Disease 5. Puritans considered too violent by natives

F. New England Merchants 1. Puritan Oliver Cromwell and the ECW Long-term consequence of ECW on colonies? 2. New markets due to decline of “newcomers” = diversified economy

G. Community and Family in Massachusetts 1. Communities: well-ordered; social hierarchy; strong sense of community 2. Families & marriage: patriarchal; sexual exp. 3. Education: > 50 families; no girls 4. Puritan ideology re: women? (Family Guy clip) a. Subordinate b. Avg. 8 kids c. Salem witch trials

H. Dissent and New Communities 1. Those who did not agree completely w/Puritans dev own communities 2. Roger Williams a. separation of church and state b. Negotiate w/native for land c. Founded Providence, RI 3. Anne Hutchinson vocal; assertive; criticized Boston ministers

3.4: The Proprietary Colonies

A. Carolina (today's N.C.) 1. Government a. Governor b. assembly 2. S.C. (1670) Slave state since it’s inception

B. From New Netherland to New York 1. Trade and Navigation Act passed by Britain Barred Dutch vessels from English colonial possessions 2. Resulted in several naval wars w/Dutch ( ) 3. England to dominate the Atlantic 4. Mercantilism at its finest! 5. Salutary neglect

C. Founding of Pennsylvania 1. America’s Breadbasket 2. Founded by…(WP, Jr.) 3. Proprietary colony (PC) 4. Quakers/Society of Friends 5. “Frame of Government” a. Religious freedom b. Civil liberties c. Elected representation 6. Relations w/natives?

3.5: Conflict and War

A. “King Philip’s” War ( ) 1. Who is King Philip? Metacom, son of Massasoit, who had original alliance w/pilgrims 2. Want Metacom to give up lands 3. Iroquois Confederacy sided w/English a. they continued to be middle men between Dutch and English; b. control region w/in native tribes 4. Ended the last strong resistance against the English

C. The Effects of the Glorious Revolution in America 1. Colonial gov’t too powerful = King James II abolishes charter gov’t = 2. Dominion of New England ( NE, NY, NJ; ) 3. King replaced by Protestant daughter Mary of Orange 4. England becomes a constitutional monarchy w/Bill of Rights and colonist return to self-govt 5. Period of salutary neglect takes place Presentation of The Declaration Of Rights

North American Region

Spread of Settlement: Movement into the Backcountry, 1720–60 The spread of settlement from 1720 to 1760 shows the movement of population into the backcountry during the midcentury.

Royal African Company

Slave Codes Slaves and offspring consider chattel, property, for life. Christianity could not save you from slavery. In some colonies, it was illegal to teach a slave to read or write. We will see again after the Civil War Era.

Bacon’s Rebellion (Va. 1676) 1. Led by… (NB) 2. What did he want? 3. What did Gov. Berkeley do? 4. What does Bacon do in response? -Who helped him? 5. Started w/natives ended w/Va. Gov’t. 6. LTC? 7. + Increase wages in England = decrease need for IS

Stono Rebellion (SC, 1739) Slaves trying to escape to Spanish Florida Group of about 60 Killed whites along the way Ultimately, put down = Heavier restrictions on slaves

Southern Society

Planter Class

Small Farmers

Landless Whites

Indentured Servants

Slaves

Slave society vs. a society w/Slaves

Growth of slave families

Contributions to Society

New England Spreads Out

New England Colonies, 1650

The New England Family  Low mortality  average life expectancy was 70 years of age.  Many extended families.  Average 6 children per family.  Average age at marriage:  Women – 22 years old; Men – 27 years old.  Concept of Grandparents now viable

Colonial Women South High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth Widowers have land rights New England Must give up land rights Do not want to undermine the “man” of the house Protected from adultery and physical abuse Divorce rare

Population of the New England Colonies

Population Comparisons: New England v. the Chesapeake