1. Planting Colonies In North America
Chapter 3

2. Important Topics
A comparison of the European colonies established in North America in the 17th century.
The English and Algonquian colonial encounter in the Chesapeake
The role of religious dissent in the planting of the New England colonies.
The restoration of the Stuart Monarchy & the creation of the new proprietary colonies.
Indian warfare & internal conflict at the end of the 17th century.

3. “Frontiers of Inclusion”
European Colonies
“Frontiers of Inclusion”
“Exclusion”
Term to describe New Spain and New France where native peoples were incorporated into colonial society and there was a great deal of cultural mixing.
Term to describe the Dutch and English colonies where settlers and natives lived in separate societies and there war very little mixing of cultures.

4. England in the Chesapeake

5. England in the Chesapeake
Jamestown & the Powhatan Confederacy
Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare
Maryland
Indentured Servants
Community Life in the Chesapeake

6. Jamestown & the Powhatan confederacy
King James I gave a royal charted to the Virginia Company, a group of London investors who sent ships to Chesapeake Bay in They settled in Jamestown and it became the first permanent settlement in North America.

7. Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare
Introduced to England by Francis Drake, tobacco became the 1st money maker for Jamestown.
,000 English colonists were sent to Jamestown.

8. Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare
English colonial characteristics- massive immigration, especially families; plantation agriculture based on a lot of soil and labor; poor relationship with natives; early form of representative gov’t.

9. House of burgess
The legislature of colonial VA. Organized in 1619, it was the first representative gov’t in the English colonies.

10. Maryland Settled by Catholics, the only Catholic colony
A proprietary colony, the Calvert family were sole owners of the land and divided the land into manors.
Used headright grants 1st to get laborers.

11. Indentured Servants
¾’s of English migrants were indentured servants, men & women contracted labor to a master for a fixed time.

12. Indentured Servants Servants Masters
Young, single mostly men who served 2 to 7 years. Some were convicts or vagabonds. It was close to slavery.
Obliged to feed, cloth and house servants. Many masters treated servants just as harsh as slaves.

13. Community Life in the Chesapeake
High mortality rates due to malaria
Small family size
Women held more power…could own land
Kinship bonds were weak
Dispersed settlements
Rough conditions
Few community institutions

14. The New England colonies
Section 2
The New England colonies

15. The New England colonies
Social & Political Values of Puritanism
Early contacts in New England
Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Indians & Puritans
The New England Merchants
Community & Family in Massachusetts
Dissent & New Communities

16. The New England Colonies
Climate & geography much different from the Chesapeake.
No “merchantable commodities” grown there
Was a safe haven for Protestant dissenters from England

17. POlitical & Social Values of Puritanism
Followed John Calvin’s beliefs of hard work and enterprise….attracted merchants, commercial farmers & entrepreneurs.
Wanted to return to a traditional rural community.
The church needs to monitor an individual’s behavior.

18. Early Contacts
Many natives, French and Dutch were wiped out by disease. New England was sparcely populated and became a perfect place for religious dissenters to settle.

19. Plymouth colony & the Mayflower Compact
Pilgrims, also known as Separatists, wanted to completely break from the Catholic Church. They were governed by the Mayflower Compact, the 1st document of self- governance in North America.

20. Massachusetts Bay colony
Led by John Winthrop, the Puritans settled in Salem, MA, also known as the “city on a hill”. The Puritans were primarily wealthy businessmen.
The Great Migration is the official name of the Puritan migration from 1629 to 1643.

21. Indians & Puritans
The English used a variety of ways to pressure Native leaders into signing quitclaims, agreements relinquishing specific lands.

22. Indians and Puritans
Ways the Puritans tricked Natives into giving up lands:
Writing land transfers and agreements in English
Imposing large fines for simple violations & then taking lands as payment.
Using women to gain land

23. New England Merchants
New England became a leading commercial region early in its settlement. Boston became the 3rd largest English commercial center. England exported lumber and cod as well as traded goods for sugar, molasses and rum with the West Indies.

24. Community & Family in MA
Well-organized communities based on a social order
Mass General Court, a system of self-government
Clustered settlements led to strong communities
Well-disciplines and educated society
Women were subordinate to men
Cultural mistrust and stereotypes of women…Salem Witch Trials

25. Dissent & New communities
Religiously intolerant towards other groups and they were forced out of Mass bay colony:
Thomas Hooker believed in women’s suffrage and founded Connecticut.
Roger Williams believed in religious toleration, fair treatment of the natives and separation of church & state. He founded Providence, RI.
Anne Hutchinson was banished for criticizing the piety of minsters and excommunicated. She founded RI.

26. The Proprietary Colonies
Section 3
The Proprietary Colonies

27. The Proprietary Colonies
Early Carolina
From New Netherland to New York
The Founding of Pennsylvania
Also known as The Restoration Colonies after the restoration of the Stuart Monarchy and the reign of King Charles II.

28. Early Carolina
Early Carolina stretched from North Carolina to Spanish Florida. The north and south of Carolina was settled by drastically different groups and then split.

29. New Netherlands & NY
New Netherland
Cont.
The English implemented the Trade & navigation Act in 1751 that barred Dutch ships from English territories which led to a series naval wars with Holland from 1652 to 1654
After 2 more wars, the English captured New Amsterdam and gained control of New Netherland.

30. NY
Land was given to Charles II’s brother, the Duke of York. NY was very diverse. Later, the eastern part split and formed New Jersey.

31. The Founding of Pennsylvania
William Penn led religious dissenters known as the Quakers, or the Society of Friends.
Known for religious toleration and pacifism
Settled near the capital, Philadelphia and hoped the colony would be a “holy experiment”.

32. Conflict and War The Beaver Wars King Philip’s War Bacon’s Rebellion
Culpepper’s Rebellion
Wars in the South
The Glorious Revolution in America
King William’s War

33. Pennsylvania
The Frame of Government- A framework of self-governance. They believed in religious freedom, civil liberties and fair treatment of natives.

34. King Philip’s War
1675- Started out between the settlers & Pokanokets but the Iroquois defeated the Pokanokets and declared the dominant tribe in the region.

35. The Iroquois
Wanted to maintain their role in the Dutch and English trading system.
Also wanted to continue to act as intermediaries between Natives and settlers.
Created the Covenant Chain, which created an alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and New York.
Made Iroquois and New York as dominant tribe and colony in North America.

36. The Beaver Wars
The French, Dutch, English and different Native American tribes engaged in wars of rich beaver hunting grounds in the North. Each group wanted dominance in the region and rights to lands.

37. Bacon’s Rebellion
A violent conflict in backwoods VA in which Nathaniel Bacon led a series of attacks on Native Americans and then led a rebellion against Virginia’s government.
Is important because it showed the division between the frontier regions and the more established and civilized coastal areas. Baco demanded all removal of all Natives from VA….showed an increasing bravado & arrogance amongst settlers.

38. Culpepper’s Rebellion
Rebellion in North Carolina in which backcountry men overthrew the established government in English authorities eventually suppressed the rebellion.
Results- Colonial authorities expanded into Indian territory hoping to gain support of backcountry men.
Fears of disorder amongst indentured servants….turned to slave labor.

39. Glorious Revolution in America 1689
Conflict & War
Wars in the South 1670s-1720s
Glorious Revolution in America 1689
Colonists in NC incite Creeks, Cherokees, and other tribes to attack and enslave mission Indians of Spanish Florida.
Colonists in MA, NY, and Maryland rose up against King James II’s harsh policies.

40. King william’s War
1689- Began 75 years of competition and armed conflict between the British & French over control of North America. It also dragged in many Native tribes who were forced to choose alliances. Led to a tightening of control over North American colonists.