16.1 THE WAR BEGINS By Sarah King, Molly Bohan, Becca Corbett, and Tess Foley

AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES By: Molly Bohan

AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES  Abraham Lincoln became president  Seven southern states seceded  Lincoln promised to not end slavery where it already existed  Lincoln wanted to preserve the union  Lincoln believed that saving the union would help save democracy  Molly Bohan

AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES  Lincoln refused to recognize secession, declaring the union to be unbroken  After decades of painful compromises the union was badly broken  A battle was arising in the south  Confederate officials began seizing branches like the federal mint, arsenals, and military outposts  In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina was attacked by the federal troops  On April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire.  Molly B

AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES MOLLY BOHAN 

REACTION TO LINCOLN’S CALL/ NORTHERN RESOURCES By: Becca Corbett

REACTION TO LINCOLN’S CALL  Lincoln declared South in a state of rebellion  Asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen to stop rebellion  Pennsylvania, New Jersey, & states north of them rallied to president’s call  Border states - Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri- slave states that didn’t join the Confederacy  People in border states – deeply divided on war  Federal troops sent to border states to keep them with Union  West Virginia- set up own state government in 1863  Becca C

NORTHERN RESOURCES  North population – 22 million  South’s – 5.5 million  North’s advantages :  Networks of roads, canals, and railroads  Civil War stimulated economic growth  Production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased  Exports to Europe doubled  Had money  Had more developed economy, banking system, and currency  South: export of resources decreased because Union blockade  South had to start making own Confederate dollars  Winfield Scott - developed a two part strategy for Union  1) destroy South’s economy with a naval blockade of southern ports  2) gain control of Mississippi River to divide the South  Other leaders urged to attack on Richmond, Virginia  Becca

SOUTHERN RESOURCES/PREPARING FOR WAR By Tess Foley Tess Foley

SOUTHERN RESOURCES Southern farms provided food for military South’s best advantage was strategic – it only needed to defend itself until the North grew tired of fighting North had maintain long supply lines because of the great distance between Virginia to Georgia Armies found South hard to cross because of all the wilderness Many rivers ran from east to west = this formed a natural defense from the north Northern generals attacked from the side instead of the front Since the two armies fought on Southern territory, Southerners had he advantage of knowing the land better Confederate president Jefferson Davis tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy Cotton Diplomacy – idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South’s raw cotton to supply it’s booming textile industry Tess Foley

UNION AND CONFEDERATE RESOURCES Tess Foley

PREPARING FOR WAR Volunteer Armies had sparked revolution Thousands had joined the volunteer army Union army only had 16,000 soldiers in beginning Within month, that number swelled to half million Virginian Thomas Webber came to fight “against the invading foe who now pollute the sacred soil of my beloved native state.” Tess Foley

HELPING THE TROOPS Civilians on both sides helped those in uniform Raised money Provided aid for soldiers and their families Ran emergency hospitals Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first women to receive medicine license, organized a group that pressured Pres. Lincoln to form U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861 The Sanitary was run by clergyman Henry Bellows Sent bandages Medicines Food to Union Army 3,000 women served as nurses for the Union army. Tess Foley

TRAINING THE SOLDIERS By Sarah King

TRAINING THE SOLDIERS  Union and Confederate sides were both short of supplies:  Lacked standard uniform (wore own clothes)  Volunteers had no Idea how to fight  Small amount of food and rifles  Union side ended up wearing blue uniforms, while confederates wore grey Sarah

THE VOLUNTEERS No clue how to fight Still eager to fight Used schoolteachers, farmers, laborers Learned combat basics such as: Marching Shooting Using bayonets Sarah

ALMOST TIME TO FIGHT Discipline and drill used to turn into efficient soldiers Learned to load, aim, and fire their rifles three times in one minute Favored Springfield and Enfield rifles because of accuracy Sarah

THE TENTS Union army provided two person tents Soldiers discarded them for more portable ones Confederates didn’t issue tents Often stole Union’s tents Sarah

BIBLIOGRAPHY 29_1860_uc1.gif Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White. United States History Beginnings to Orlando: Harcourt Education Company, Print.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Textbook 16.1 powerpoint