1. Unit 7: The Nation Breaks Apart Part 3 of 4

2. Daily Goal
I can summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each side.

3. Rating the North & South

4. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

5. Resources: North & South

6. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

7. Overview of Northern Advantages
Larger population
North 22 million
South Only 9 million
More ships
Larger, more efficient railroad system
Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
More industry - 81% of nation’s factories
Better banking system to raise $ for the war
75% of nation’s wealth

8. Overview of Northern Advantages
Wealth produced:
Factory production
Textile goods produced
Iron production
Coal production
Farm acreage
Draft animals
Livestock
Wheat production
Corn production

9. Overview of Northern Disadvantages
Fought on Southern lands
Divided support for the war
Many believed the South had good chance of winning

10. Overview of Southern Advantages
Fighting a defensive war
Local support of all men
familiarity with terrain
Motivation: seeking independence, unified support
Short communication lines/ friendly population
Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett)
Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France Slave Labor in the early part of the war

11. Overview of Southern Disadvantages
Smaller population
Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
Poor transportation system
Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states
Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

12. Jefferson Davis Vs. Lincoln

13. Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln
Born in Mississippi
West Point Graduate
Served in Congress
Served in two wars, was a hero in Mexican War.
Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce
Considered one of the leading spokesmen of the South by the mid-1850’s
Born in Kentucky less than 50 miles from Davis
Very little military experience
Served only three months in the Black Hawk War
Failed businessman (general store)
Served several terms in the Illinois state legislature, U.S. Senate-
Relatively undistinguished

14. GRANT VS LEE VS Graduate from West Point, 1843
Served in the Mexican War
Shoe salesman before the War
Successful in Western Theater
Appointed by Lincoln in 1864 to command all Union forces
The Butcher
Unconditional Surrender Grant
Supported “total war” concept
Graduate from West Point, 1829
Served in the Mexican War
Arrested John Brown
Lincoln asked Lee to head up the Union Army
Refused because of loyalty to Virginia.
Defeated Union in battles from 1861 to 1863 in the Eastern theater
Excellent in military strategy
Grant vs Lee

15. TOTAL WAR
Tactic of war where the Union marched through the South and destroyed all resources the civilian population needed to survive.
Goal: To make war as horrible and destructive as possible to force your enemy to surrender.
Total war brings the civilian population into the war to demoralize the enemy and force them to surrender.
William T. Sherman

16. Overview North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan
Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

17. The Anaconda Plan Capture Richmond and force surrender
Expel Confederates from border states
Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:
soldiers
Weapons
Ammunition
Clothes
Food
other supplies needed
Blockade southern ports to stop
cotton shipments
supplies from foreign nations

18. Southern Strategy
Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life
Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting
Capture Washington, D.C.
Control border states
Gain England's support
Expel Union troops from South