Warm Up Story time and visual organizers! Follow along with the story about WWI. Write each nation/territory’s name on white paper Each act of aggression: connect nations with red/pink strip Each act of peace or alliance: connect nations with green strip Keep track of the relationships!

Sample U.S. Germany Great Britain

Free Write What does your visual aid tell you about the start of WWI? Explain!

MR. PRO U.S. in WWI

Warm Up What is this propaganda trying to show/say?

Objective Students will know the causes of WWI and the role of the U.S. early in the conflict.

MAIN Causes Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Militarism Aggressive build up of military German Naval build up threatened British  Island nation  Naval superiority Caused Britain to align w. France and Russia New weapons caused further arms race  Tanks, machine guns, planes, zeppelins (blimps)

Alliances Germany unified in 1871  Waged war against France  France lost land = enemies!  Germany allied with Italy and Austria-Hungary  Triple Alliance Russia threatened by alliance  1894: Franco-Russian Alliance  Early 1900’s: Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia)

Imperialism Competition for colonies = more tension  Ex. Scramble for Africa Tension between rulers and the ruled  Ex. Bosnians in Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Nationalism Balkans region in SE Europe  Ruled by Ottomans, then A-H Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, & Slovenes Serbia declared ind.  Wanted to unite Slavic peoples  Supported by Russia Bosnia annexed by A-H  Angered Serbia

The spark! June 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia Gavrilo Princip & Black Hand  Serbian nationalists  Hoped for war to bring down A-H A-H declared war on Serbia  Germany support A-H if Russia supports Serbia Serbia > Russia > France

Princip & Ferdinand

Germany’s Plan Defeat French early, move east to Russia Marched through Belgium > Britain declares war on Germany Successful at first, but Russians invade Germany Germany now fighting on two fronts

Opposing Sides Allied Powers Russia France Great Britain Italy (offered A-H territory) Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

The U.S. Led by President Woodrow Wilson, declared neutrality  “We must remain neutral in thought as well as action.”

Neutrality Impossible! Recent immigrants supported homeland  Ex. 8 million German Americans Common culture, language, political ideals as England Historic tie to France (help during revolution) Strong business ties to Western Europe  U.S. banks heavily invested in British victory Britain influenced neutrality  Propaganda (information designed to influence opinion)  Cut transatlantic cable and controlled news from Europe

Tomorrow U.S. Neutrality: Opposing Viewpoints

MR. PRO US H ISTORY U.S. Neutrality

Warm Up Washington’s Farewell Address

Objective Students will know the events bringing the U.S. into WWI.

Tension on the High Seas British naval blockade of Germany  Hoped to starve Germany into submission German U-boats hoped to cut off Britain from supplies  Unrestricted naval warfare”  Angered Americans > feared civilian losses and hurt business profits

Lusitania British passenger ship entered war zone U-boat torpedoed ship > 1,200 dead  128 Americans died Two sides:  Act of terrorism!  People on foreign ships did so at their own risk! World's Reaction Wilson: The U.S. was “too proud to fight” Sussex Pledge: Germany agreed no more merchant ship sinking without warning  Did not want to bring U.S. into war

Then, the U.S. intercepted this… What in the world?!?

Zimmerman Telegram German telegram to Mexico Intercepted and decoded Sought German / Mexican alliance  Encouraged Mexico to join war if U.S. did  Mexico would get back land lost to U.S. Germany sank 6 American ships after ZT

WAR President Wilson announced that the U.S. must make the world “safe for democracy”. Congress granted his declaration of war.

Homework Chapter 14 Section 2

MR. PRO US H ISTORY Mobilization and the Homefront

Warm Up Enlist! We are in war: How does it impact your life?

Objective Students will know the mobilization of both U.S. resources and sentiment that takes place after WWI.

Mobilizing for War Group work with primary source packets Big idea!  What do these sources tell you about the NEEDS and FEARS of Americans during WWI?  Ex. Many military commercials today. Shows a need for enlistment. Extra credit!  Bake something using a WWI rationing recipe.

US H ISTORY MR. PRO Trench Warfare

Warm Up Warning…graphic!

Objective Students will know the new technologies and styles of fighting that develop during WWI.

HW Review Selective Service  African Americans  Women Mobilization of industry  Business more efficient than government  War Industries Board  Food Administration Board  Daylight Savings Time  Liberty Bonds

HW Review Great Migration: African Americans move north Committee on Public Information  “Selling the war” Limitations on rights  Schenck v. U.S:. Freedom of speech

New Technology Planes Zeppelins (blimps) Machine Guns Tanks Poisonous gases

Old Fighting New Weapons Problems arise…

Trench Warfare Extensive networks of man made trenches Develops as protection against new weapons Movement of troops difficult  Virtual stalemate No Man’s Land  Area between trenches  Filled with barbed wire, bombs, mud  Wide open area…bad idea!  High casualties, low success.

No-Man’s Land

Life in the trenches…

Warfare Adaptations Poisonous Gas (Mustard)  Safe way to attack enemy  Watch out for strong winds! Tanks  Unreliable and difficult to maneuver  Could get through no man’s land  Not enough of them to make large impact Planes  At first: spy on enemy  Then: Small bombs  Next: Dogfights!

Homework Americans in WWI…doughboys! Pages Stop at “Flawed Peace”

US H ISTORY MR. PRO Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Warm Up Can you resolve a conflict without fixing the problem that initially caused the conflict?

Objective Students will compare President Wilson’s Peace without Victory speech with his plan for peace in order to determine if Wilson followed through with his plan of making the “world safe for democracy.”

Russian Revolution Problems: Food and fuel shortages, lack of political and economic equality Provisional gov’t incapable fixing problems Communist revolution led by Lenin Russia withdrew from war  Lost land  Germany now fighting on only one front

HW Review Massive German attack on Western front American troops reinforced Allies Argonne Forest: Significant battle for US troops (Sept. 1918)  600,000 troops  Heavy losses, but opened German line Revolutions in A-H, Ottoman Emp. surrendered Germany alone in conflict  Rebellions in Berlin  Emperor stepped down  Armistice Nov. 11, 1918

Today Peace without Victory  Graphic Organizer Fourteen Points  Questions

US H ISTORY MR. PRO Treaty of Versailles A Flawed Peace

Wilson’s 14 Points No more secret agreements. Free Navigation of all seas. An end to all economic barriers between countries. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. Belgium should be independent like before the war.

Wilson’s 14 Points (cont.) France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace – Lorraine. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy’s borders are to be “along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.” Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria – Hungary. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan States. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non – Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independences of all states.

Warm Up Did you find Wilson’s Fourteen Points to be lenient, moderate, or severe?

Objective Students will analyze the severity of the Treaty of Versailles and make predictions for what consequences the treaty may have.

Paris Peace Conference January 1919 Big Four: President Wilson, Prime Minister David Lloyd George, Premier Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando Germany not invited Wilson seen as too lenient

The Big Four The Men who determined the fate of the 20 th century… unbeknownst to them…

Georges Clemenceau – France Nicknamed "The Tiger". Germany should pay for all the damage that France suffered during war. Punish Germany so strongly that it could never start a war again.

David Lloyd George – Great Britain Many in Britain were eager for revenge. However Lloyd- George himself was worried about the dangers of treating Germany too harshly.

Vittorio Orlando – Italy Italy had declared war on Germany in 1915, and had been promised territory as a reward for changing sides. Orlando's main aim was to get the extra land for Italy - he wanted his 'fair share' from the spoils of war.

Woodrow Wilson – United States The USA had only declared war in April 1917 and thus experienced far fewer casualties. He believed Germany should be treated fairly and that a 'League of Nations' should be set up to settle future disputes between countries.

Treaty of Versailles Germany…  Severe limitations on armed forces  Less then 100,000 men in Army  Navy reduced to 6 ships – no U–Boats  $33 billion in reparations  Take blame for war  Lose land to France, Russia, Belgium  Loss of colonies to League of Nations Ended Empires: German, Ottoman, Russian, Austria-Hungary 9 new countries (Yugoslavia, Poland) League of Nations accepted

Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. Treaty highly criticized, especially League of Nations “Irreconcilables “  “entangling alliances” Washington Reservationists  Would ratify treaty with changes to League of Nations  Wilson refused Wilson sought public support, but stress damaged health (stroke) U.S. did not ratify treaty > made separate peace with Central Powers

Isolationist Perspective What do you thin k the cartoonist meant by this cartoon?

Homework Chapter 14.4

US H ISTORY MR.PRO Lasting Impact

Warm Up How did the United States differ from other nations involved in WWI?

Objective Students will know the status of the United States as a world power after WWI.

After the War Reading and Question Big Idea: How did the war impact the status of the U.S. on a global scale?

Germany France Great Britain