1. Aim: World War I Visualizing Global History Mr. Oberhaus Regents Review Unit 6 Section 2

2. Causes of World War I M- Militarism A- Alliances N- Nationalism I- Imperialism A- Assassination C- Competition

3. The Outbreak of War 1.Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the murders of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip. Austria- Hungary made several demands on Serbia. 2.Serbia refused to comply with any of the demands. 3.Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28. 4.Russia which is a Slavic nation and friend to Serbia mobilized for war against Austria-Hungary 5.Germany declared war on Russia to protect Austria-Hungary. 6.Germany declared war on France because they were friends with Russia 7.Germany invaded Belgium on August 3, 1914 so that Germany could enter France 8.Great Britain declared war on Germany

4. Whose to Blame? Germany: Felt it must stand behind its Ally, Austria- Hungary Russia: Supported Slavic people and feared Austria- Hungary wanted to rule Slavic people France: Backed Russia and felt it might someday need Russian support against Germany Great Britain: Felt duty to protect Belgium and feared power of Germany Austria-Hungary: Blamed Serbia for the death of their Archduke and wanted to crush Serbian nationalism

5. Alliance System Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, later joined by Bulgaria. Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, and Russia. Neutral: Italy and the United States both of which later joined the allies

6. War Fronts 1. Western Front: Extended from Belgium and Northern France to the border of Switzerland. 2. Eastern Front: Extended from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. 3. Southern Front: Extended the area between Italy and Austria-Hungary. 4. Fighting also took place throughout Africa and the Middle East.

7. Industrialized War Trench Warfare: The Western Front was a 600 mile stretch of land. Soldiers on both sides dugs trenches along the front to hide from the enemy. Machine Gun: Led to mass killing of opposing soldiers by a fewer number of soldiers. Tank: Armored vehicle that traveled on tracks. Offered some protection for soldiers. Submarine: Underwater ship that could launch torpedoes. Used very heavily by Germany. Airplane: One to two seat propeller plane that was equipped with machine guns and bombs. Poison Gas and Gas Masks: Gases that could cause skin blisters, were blinding, or could cause victims to choke. The gas masks offered slight protection. Dynamite: Used to destroy buildings and inflict damage on soldiers

8. Total War War fought both at home and on the battlefield. Governments pour all resources into the war Governments drafted men to fight the war Governments raised taxes and borrowed money to pay for the war Governments used the press to print propaganda or messages to promote their side Governments rationed food and supplies at home to get the materials to the soldiers Women took the jobs that men left behind and some joined the war effort as nurses.

9. Turning Points Entry of the United States: In 1917, the US became upset at the German's who were using unrestricted submarine warfare and attacking United States ships on the open ocean. In April 1917, the US entered the war on the side of the Allies. Russian Withdrawal: In early 1918, Russia underwent a revolution. Vladimir Lenin sought a treaty with Germany to get out of the war. A treaty was signed and Russia gave up land but they were out of the war.

10. Costs of the War On 11/11/1918 an Armistice (agreement to stop fighting) was signed. More than 8.5 million people were killed More than 17 million people were wounded Famine threatened many countries Disease was widespread in many countries Factories, farms, and homes were destroyed Nations had huge war debts to repay The Treaty of Versailles called on Germany to make huge war reparations