Industrial Revolution EQ: What are the significant terms to know to understand the Industrial Revolution?

1. Industrial Revolution Sudden acceleration of technological and economic development that began in Britain in the 18th century and spread throughout the world Traditional farming economy replaced by an economy dominated by machinery and manufacturing Transferred political power away from the landowner to the industrial capitalist and created an urban working class

Industrial Revolution http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/home.html

2. Agricultural Revolution Period of time between the 18th and 19th centuries which saw a massive and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and vast improvements in farm technology http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=632231

2. Agricultural Revolution Better food supply Larger farms Crop rotation Synthetic fertilizers New machines Displacement of farm workers Many went to to the cities looking for factory jobs

City of Manchester, England http://www.passionistsisters.org/about/history-of-the-passionist-sisters/

3. Crop rotation Practice of growing different crops one after the other on the same land to keep the land as productive as possible Increased food supply was a prerequisite (requirement) for industrialization y.com/Articles/233/Ghttp://www.gardenalitarden-Types/Food-Gardens/Vegetable-Garden-Crop-Rotation/default.html

4. Industry Economic activity focused on manufacturing (making things) http://lifeboat.com/ex/flexible.automated.manufacturing

5. Textiles Cloth Textile industry (manufacturing of cloth) was the first industry to industrialize. http://www.textilefromturkey.com/2012/10/06/turkish-textile-company-invest-textile-project-dagestan/

Inventions in Textile Machinery Several inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during the Industrial Revolution. •1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster. •1764 Spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves - the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel. •1764 Water frame invented by Richard Arkwright - the first powered textile machine. •1742 Cotton mills were first opened in England. •1773 The first all-cotton textiles were produced in factories. •1770 Hargreaves patented the Spinning Jenny. •1769 Arkwright patented the water frame. •1779 Crompton invented the spinning mule that allowed for greater control over the weaving process. Spinning jenny Eli Whitney’s design for a cotton gin Water frame

Several inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during the Industrial Revolution.   •1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster. •1742 Cotton mills were first opened in England. •1764 Spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves - the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel. •1764 Water frame invented by Richard Arkwright - the first powered textile machine. •1769 Arkwright patented the water frame. •1770 Hargreaves patented the Spinning Jenny. •1773 The first all-cotton textiles were produced in factories. •1779 Crompton invented the spinning mule that allowed for greater control over the weaving process.

6. Entrepreneurs People who organize, operate, and assume the risks of a new business. Modern examples include Bill Gates, Steven Jobs and … http://www.123rf.com/photo_13779218_dark-chalkboard-with-the-word-entrepreneur-illustration.html

The Industrial Revolution that occurred in Europe during the 19th century was of great importance to the economic future of the United States. (1) transportation was expanded (2) electricity was effectively harnessed (3) improvements were made to industrial processes.

Industrial Revolution Inventors Person Invention Date James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775 Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets 1793, 1798 Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River 1807 Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836 Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844 Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine 1851 Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876 Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescent Light Bulb 1877, 1879 Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888 Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892 Orville and Wilbur Wright First Airplane 1903 Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line 1908, 1913

7. Factory System An efficient combination of workers and power-driven machinery that replaced cottage industry and the craftsmen Manufacturing of textiles was the first industry to change. Henry Ford factory about 1913 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/auto-manufacturing/automotive-production-line.htm

8. Urbanization Process in which an increasing percentage of the population lives in cities An effect of industrialization From 1800-1850 a significant increase in the number and size of cities in Europe and in the United States Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.  Historically, it has been closely connected with industrialization.  When more and more inanimate sources of energy were used to enhance human productivity (industrialization), surpluses increased in both agriculture and industry.  Larger and larger proportions of a population could live in cities.   Economic forces were such that cities became the ideal places to locate factories and their workers. http://urbantimes.co/2012/07/urbanization-is-not-the-problem-dealing-with-it-is/

9. Capitalism An economic system that focuses on individual ownership of wealth and property

10. Adam Smith 18th century Scottish economist Wealth of Nations attacked mercantilist ideas Supported laissez-faire Economy should be left alone to regulate itself by its own natural laws. Laws of supply and demand control prices.

10. Adam Smith People should be free to pursue their economic self-interest. Government should be a passive policeman in regulating the economy.

11. Socialism Economic theory believing that there should be common ownership of all property. Includes common ownership of factories, railroads, and infrastructure Founder – Karl Marx

Karl Marx

12. Labor Union Organization of workers Created to protest the working conditions within the original factories Successes included: 8-hour working day Minimum wage End of child labor