Types of Government

Governments How do they run?

Autocracy Government by a single person having unlimited power Autocracy Government by a single person having unlimited power. Restricted by NO constitutional provisions or effective political opposition. Advantages It is fast. When one person makes all the decisions, no one needs to be consulted and time is not taken to gather a vote. Helpful when critical decisions need to be made in a crises or for social control. Disadvantages Thoughts of other people are not considered. Effects of decisions on other people are not considered. Over time, autocratic decision making leads to distrust, low morale, and inefficient governing.

Examples of Autocratic Governments Autocracy Rule of One Examples of Autocratic Governments Types of Autocracies Absolute Monarchy Theocracy Dictatorship Saudi Arabia (Absolute Monarchy) Iraq (Dictatorship) Iran (Theocracy) Tsarist regimes in Russia (1892-1917) Nazi regime in Germany (1933-1945)

Autocracy: Absolute Monarchy Saudi Arabia Many nations who were once absolute monarchs , such as Jordan and Morocco, have moved to constitutional monarchies, although the monarch retains tremendous power. Saudi Arabia King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia Mecca – time for prayer Water Problems: http://www.moneyandmarkets.com/oil-water-and-wheat-3-9667 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3584.htm

Autocracy: Dictatorship Rule by a single leader who has not been elected. In other words, leader is in power without the people's consent. May use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Usually, there is little or no attention to public opinion or individual rights. Burma, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China, Zimbabwe, West Indies, North Korea, Burma, Cuba, Chile, Uganda, Iraq, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan, and Turkmenistan

Autocracy: Theocracy A form of government where the rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity. Can government systems be a combination of Absolute, Theocracy & Dictator?

How is the government run? Absolute Monarchy & Theocracy Autocracy Rule by one Dictatorship Leader w/o consent, does not consider welfare of people. Often uses military force. Absolute Monarchy & Theocracy Monarch or Religious Leader with absolute control

Monarchy Ruled by a King or Queen Rule is passed down hereditarily Monarchs often claim they have been chosen or appointed by god. “Divine Kingship” Monarchy has two forms: Absolute Monarch Constitutional Monarch

Constitutional Monarchy A monarchy has a king or queen Constitutional Monarchy A monarchy has a king or queen. Power is passed along through the family. But Monarch’s power is limited by the constitution and parliament. Constitutional Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy

Democracy Democracy means: “rule by the people” People chose the leaders and officials by voting Leaders & officials are held to the laws of the land/the constitution The Constitution is the ultimate power Democracy has two forms: Direct & Representative Direct: citizens vote directly/themselves on laws Representative: citizens elect representative who make laws on their behalf

Parliamentary Led by representatives of the people Parliamentary Led by representatives of the people. Parliament is put in place in order to make the laws & is headed by the Prime Minister. Advantages Quicker legislative action because the executive branch is chosen from the parliament’s majority party. Prime Minister is accountable to the parliament and can be removed at any time by a vote of no confidence. Disadvantages Close connection between the executive and legislative branches and absence of a clear separation of power provides less protection against government control. Less protection by rule of the majority.

Parliamentary Rule by All States currently utilizing parliamentary systems are denoted in red and orange. The red being constitutional monarchies where authority is vested in a parliament, the orange being parliamentary republics whose parliaments are effectively supreme over a separate head of state. States denoted in green have the roles of head of state and head of government in one office, similar to presidential systems, but this office is filled by parliament's choice and elected separately. What government systems is Canada?

Canada How is the government run? Constitutional Monarchy Monarch is guided by a constitution. Monarch rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in a constitution. Parliamentary A government in which members of the executive branch are chosen by parliament. Who picks the government? Representative Democracy A form of government in which power rests with the people, but usually through representatives. Canada

Totalitarianism Ruler by a single political party Totalitarianism Ruler by a single political party. People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country. Advantages None unless a member of the party in control Disadvantages Permits no individual freedom All actions and aspects of the individual’s life is subject to the authority of the government/dictator.

Totalitarian Examples of totalitarian regimes are Italy under Benito Mussolini 1922–45; Germany under Adolf Hitler 1933–45; the USSR under Joseph Stalin from the 1930s until his death in 1953; and more recently Romania under Nicolae Ceauşescu 1974–89.

Republic A Government by the Public Led by representatives of the people. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time.

Republic A Government by the Public Led by representatives of the people. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time. Advantages Separation of powers, providing checks and balances. Direct election of the President and legislators to a fixed term of office makes them more accountable to voters. More directly democratic. Disadvantages Divided government causes more disagreement between the president and legislature. Divided government can make it difficult to pass policies.

Republic A Government by the Public Led by representatives of the people. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time. A Republic, unique from democracy, has a very different purpose and an entirely different form, or system, of government. Its purpose is to control The Majority strictly, as well as all others among the people, primarily to protect The Individual’s God-given, unalienable rights and therefore for the protection of the rights of The Minority, of all minorities, and the liberties of people in general. The definition of a Republic is: a constitutionally limited government of the representative type, created by a written Constitution--adopted by the people and changeable (from its original meaning) by them only by its amendment--with its powers divided between three separate Branches: Executive, Legislative and Judicial. Here the term "the people" means, of course, the electorate. http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/AmericanIdeal/aspects/demrep.html

Republic https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html

Anarchy Where there is not any government Anarchy Where there is not any government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. Primarily lawlessness and political disorder. Advantages None Disadvantages Disorder Corruption Warfare

Anarchy Somalia Chaos and Rebellion Civil War since 1991 Population: 7,200,000 Capital: Mogadishu Area: 246,200 Sq. Miles (smaller than Texas) Religion: Sunni Muslim, other http://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/280-nenova-harford.pdf

Barre and Dictatorship Anarchy Somalia Barre and Socialism 1960 became independent from British rule. Said Barre seized power in 1969, proclaiming socialism. But instead of developing the country, he attached Ethiopia. Barre and Dictatorship After spending a lot of money on the war, Somalia’s economy deteriorated and weakened. Fighting between clans grew worse. Hahdi and Anarchy January 1991 to November 1991 Mohammad Ali Hahdi assumed power (ousted Barre and declared himself president) Clan warfare grew worse. 300,000 people died and 1.5 million were forced to flee as refugees. Many other people died of starvation. Aidid and Anarchy Mohamed Farrah Aided took control Anarchy, no government control http://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/280-nenova-harford.pdf

Anarchy Somalia Refugee Camp http://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/280-nenova-harford.pdf

Who picks the government? Governments Who picks the government?

Revolution The existing structure is overthrown by a completely new group. After a period time, this new group becomes the government. Advantages Disadvantages New government brings freedom and builds a strong nation. New government brings loss of freedom. Can build a strong nation or weaken a nation.

Revolution War Picks Government Examples: United States Somalia

Totalitarian Rule by a single political party Totalitarian Rule by a single political party. Votes for alternative candidates and parties are simply not allowed and “encouraged” to vote, but only for the government’s chosen candidate. North Korea

Oligarchy A small group picks the government. The rule of a few Oligarchy A small group picks the government. The rule of a few. A form of government which consists of rule by an elite group who rule in their own interest, especially to accumulate wealth and privilege. Only members of this small group have a voice in government. The few are generally the people who are richer and more powerful than others: aristocrats or nobles. Government of the “best”. Often by powerful families who raise their children to “inherit” the government position.

Oligarchy Rule by a few The few pick the government Many of the European monarchies established in the Middle Ages began this way. Most Communist countries are oligarchies. Examples: China (communist), South Africa in 20th century

Oligarchy Rule by a few The few pick the government Who picks Government? Oligarchy Rule by few: Communism The single party picks the government. How is Government Run? Totalitarian Government tells people what to do China

Oligarchy Rule by a few The few pick the government The whites in South Africa make up about 20% of population, but this small group has all educational and economic opportunities and proceeded to deny these opportunities to blacks. Called apartheid –legal separation based on race – this oligarchy dominated the Republic of South Africa from 1948 – 1993. Nelson Mandela led the force that changed this type of rule to democracy in 1994. He is now their first black president. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-apartheid.htm

Direct Democracy People vote of everything Government in which all citizens have equal power. Every decision is voted on by the people. Rule by majority. Advantages Every citizen has equal power in matters of government. Every citizen is involved in the decision making. Since all citizens are involved in decision making, there is a high degree of support and loyalty. Disadvantages Only works when a small number of people are involved. Must gather all citizens in one place for discussions and voting. 2. Decision making involving all citizens is time-consuming. All citizens give input, debate, etc…

Direct Democracy Often used in referenda: Property tax increase Marriage definition No direct democracy is in existence as a total form of government.

Representative Democracy People pick government Government in which people elect representatives to make decision for them. Advantages Citizens are involved in decision making through their representatives, lobbying and voting. Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents. Generally, the representatives are educated and skilled in politics Disadvantages Decision making is time consuming. Desire of representatives to please majority of constitutes may be harmful. Representatives may not always agree with constitutes. Lack of involved citizens allow special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives.

Representative Democracy Examples of Representative Democratic Governments Parliamentary democracy Presidential democracy Aruba, Australia, Bangladesh, Bulgaria United States, Mexico, Brazil

Representative Democracy A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.

Representative Democracy Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems. Parliamentary systems usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being a figurehead, often a monarchy..

Representative Democracy Blue are presidential republics that have a full presidential system. Yellow are countries that possess semi-presidential system. Green are presidential republics with an executive presidency linked to a parliament.

REMEMBER: nearly every country in the world is ruled by a system that combines 2 or more government systems.

What type of government is the United States? How is the government run? Who picks government?

How is the government run? Led by representatives Republic Representative Democracy Who picks government? Direct Democracy Rule by majority. U.S.

Review Name the forms of government that fall under the category of AUTOCRACY.  Define each and give  examples.  How do some dictatorships and oligarchies try to make it seem as if the people have a say in the government?  How does the government really control the people? What are the two forms of democracy?  Describe what happens in each. What are the characteristics that make a government a true democracy? What gives voters a choice among candidates?  What are some other benefits to this system? What ancient civilizations as well as early American civilizations could be labeled as Theocratic and why?  Are there any THEOCRACIES today?

Types of Government Outline How is the government run? A. Autocracy 1. Absolute Monarchy 2. Theocracy 3. Dictatorship B. Totalitarian C. Totalitarianism D. Monarchy E. Parliamentary F. Republic G. Anarchy Who picks the government? A. Revolution C. Oligarchy D. Democracy 1. Direct Democracy 2. Representative Democracy

Leader/ President/Prime Minister The United States of America Country Leader/ President/Prime Minister The United States of America President Barack Obama Canada Prime Minister Stephen Harper Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto England David Cameron Russia Vladimir Putin China (not voted in by the people, voted by the oligarchy) Xi Jinping Germany Joachim Gauck North Korea Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un Cuba Raúl Castro

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/curriculum/socialstd/NSL/PPT2/sld003.htm http://www.slideshare.net/ljhsblog/matching-characteristics-of-forms-of-government http://www.stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/WorldAffairs/typesofgovt.html