1. Government Review Distribution of Power and Citizen Participation

2. Topic: Which to choose? Oligarchy Autocratic Democracy Federation
As a review, write down what you remember for the following:
Oligarchy
Autocratic
Democracy
Federation
Confederation
Unitary

3. rule by one OLIGARCHIC rule by all
AUTOCRATIC
rule by one
OLIGARCHIC
rule by the few
DEMOCRATIC
rule by all

4. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
High Participation
High Participation
Select Citizens’ Participation
General Citizens’ Participation
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Autocratic
Oligarchic
Democracy

5. Citizen’s Role in Government
Autocratic
(one)
Oligarchic
(few)
Democratic
(all)
MOST citizen participation
LEAST citizen participation

6. Unitary Government Unitary System
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Central Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority

7. Unitary One central Authority Controls EVERYTHING!!!
Power is not shared between regional authorities (states, counties, provinces).
They can give power to a legislature….and then take it away
Assigns powers to specific areas
Could choose the governor or mayor

8. Countries with Unitary forms of Governments (2007)

9. Confederation Regional Regional Regional Regional Central Authority

10. Confederation Voluntary by nature it has a weak central government.
Very little power because members must agree on decisions.
Decisions made may not be actual laws, unless the majority agree.
They are not common in the 21st century.
There’s no true way to enforce laws.
Some Examples:
OPEC UN

11. Federal
Power is divided between both the Central and Regional (states) authorities
Usually a Constitution describes the duties of both authorities.
Powerful Central but their power is limited
Can’t dissolve states or choose leaders of states
Many countries use it to distribute the power

12. Countries considered to have a Federal Government

13. Federal Government Federal System
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Central Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority

14. Oligarchy “Ruled by a Few”
Country or nation controlled by a small group of people
Average person has little say or right in the government
Decisions can be made quickly
Poor/selfish decisions made by leaders can work against other citizens well being
Examples:
South Africa (during Apartheid)
Communist China

15. Autocracy “rule by one” Single ruler with unlimited power
Decisions can be made quickly
People have little to no say in how government is run and can be ignored.
Two types of Autocracies:
Monarchy
Dictatorship
Examples of Dictators:
Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Joseph Stalin (Russia)

16. Monarch Dictatorship Usually the Leader is BORN into it.
King, Queens, Emperors are examples
No or few legal restraints = Absolute
Formally Limited = Constitutional
Inherited = Hereditary
System of voting = Elective
Usually the Leader takes the power by force
Most have military background
Typically have a strong military/police force
Refuses to give choice to people because they are viewed as incompetent

17. Democracy Two Types: Presidential Parliamentary “Rule by all”
Country or Nation that receives its power from the people
ALL people have an opportunity to vote and are involved in the decision making
ALL people have an opportunity to lead
Slow to make decisions
Not all information that is given is correct or whole

18. Theocracy Typically an autocratic or oligarchic form of government
Current Examples:
Vatican City
Iran
Typically an autocratic or oligarchic form of government
One or more religious leaders control the government
Religious beliefs influence laws and rules
Leader is sometimes believed to have a direct connection with the divinity
Ancient Examples:
China
Byzantine Empire
Early Israel
Ancient Egypt

21. Government Review Parliamentary vs. Presidential Democracy

22. Parliamentary Voters elect members to the Parliament (legislature)
Parliament (legislature) has two Houses:
House of Commons: The Political Party with the most votes in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the government’s leader who has no set length of term.
House of Lords: Little power with most members being nobles who have inherited their titles

23. Prime minister (leader/chief of state), is elected by the legislature, NOT by the people
Executive power is held by members of the legislature;
executive + legislative = one branch of government
Head of state has a ceremonial role,
Chief of state usually has the power
Examples: Israel, Zimbabwe, Japan, and Great Britain
2 separate
people

24. Presidential
The president and legislature are separate branches and powers are divided between them
President has two roles:
head of state & chief of state = ceremonial duties (role) + power
President is LIMITED to a set amount of terms they serve
Example: United States = two 4-year terms

25. Voters elect legislators Voters ALSO (indirectly) elect the president.
House of Representatives and Senate
Voters ALSO (indirectly) elect the president.
So…. in the presidential system voters have a more direct say about those who serve in two branches of the government :
Legislative
Executive

26. In Short….. Parliamentary Presidential Voters Voters Congress
(House & Senate)
Legislature
President
(Chief Executive)
Parliament
(Legislative Branch)
Prime Minister
(Executive Branch)

27. Time to Vote
Room is divided based on the two forms of government we have discussed
Parliamentary (Voters > Parliament > Prime Minister)
Presidential (Voters > Congress + President).
Each side will go through a mock election by following the Parliamentary and Presidential forms of democracy.
Parliamentary side: If you are in the Parliament you will need to divide yourself into two different ‘parties’. Whatever party then gets the most votes, they will choose out of their group who will become the prime minister
Presidential Side: On this side voters will have a ballot (or whiteboard) with multiple students who are running for office on their side. These students should make short speeches (about 1 to 2 mins long) for what they would like to change if running for president. Voters will also choose who they would want to run in the Legislative branch as well.
When the elections are over. Let’s discuss the difference and similarities between the two democracies. What did you think? Which form would you be more likely to vote in?
Now……Last thing…..TOTD

28. A – Parliamentary B – Presidential C – Both
Press 1 for the following questions:
A – Parliamentary B – Presidential C – Both
This head of state answers directly to the legislative branch because they are a part of it.
In this type of Democracy the chief executive and the head of state.
Voters elect the Legislature and Executive branches of the government.
Voters elect the Legislature, who in turn elects the Executive.
In this type of Democracy the head of state has more of a ceremonial role.
Answers to the people, and serves a set amount of terms.
Has a constitution and bicameral form of government.
Scenario: On voting day you vote for the person you want as your party’s representative. If your party has the more elected representatives they then choose to appoint their executive leader.

29. 1. This head of state answers directly to the legislative branch because they are a part of it. a. Parliamentary b. Presidential c. Both 2. In this type of Democracy the chief executive and the head of state are the same person. 3. Voters elect the Legislature and Executive branches of the government. 4. Voters elect the Legislature, who in turn elects the Executive. 5. In this type of Democracy the head of state has more of a ceremonial role. 6. Answers to the people, and serves a set amount of terms 7. Has a constitution and bicameral form of government 8. Scenario: On voting day you vote for the person you want as your party’s representative. If your party has the more elected representatives they then choose to appoint their executive leader.