3. 1. Legislative power 2. Executive power 3. Judicial power Institution through which society makes and enforces public policies (everything it decides to do) All governments exercise three types of power

4. 1. Territory 2. Population (People) 3. Sovereignty 4. Government There are four elements that make up the state:

5. Government began when individuals felt that certain needs should be fulfilled by a higher authority Common people would exchange items (food, labor, service) for these basics needs Common people also longed for a sense of structure similar to that of their religious beliefs Leaders recognized these needs and attempted to create a system that could provide for and protect its people

6. 1. Force Theory 2. Evolutionary Theory 3. Divine Right Theory 4. Social Contract Theory

7. Form a More Perfect Union Establish Justice Insure Domestic Tranquility Provide for the Common Defense Promote the General Welfare Secure the Blessings of Liberty Purpose of Government

8. Autocracy MonarchyTotalitarian Dictatorship Absolute Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy Oligarchy

9. Auto: one Kratia: to rule - rule by one person

10. one person (dictator) controls social, political and economic aspects of government; ideas of leader are glorified military force to gain and keep power Ex: Hitler, Stalin, Castro, Pol Pot

11. King, Queen, or Emperor: have supreme power of government; inherit position unlimited power to rule people Ex: Saudi Arabia, Europe (1400-1700) * power in hands of elected officials; monarchs are ceremonial figureheads Ex: England, Sweden, Australia, Netherlands

12. rule by one group; small group holds power power derived from wealth & social position military control by a political party or by a religious group political opposition is suppressed (denied) Ex: Communist China, North Korea, U.S.S.R. Afghanistan (Taliban)

13. Democracy Direct Democracy Representative Democracy

14. Demos: people (masses) Kratia: to rule - rule by the people

15. people govern themselves; vote on issues individually exists in small societies or on local levels people elect officials to represent them officials hold power to make laws and conduct government Councils, Legislatures, Congress, or Parliament Ex: Switzerland, Ancient Greece, 13 colonies Ex: Russia, United States, South Africa

16. Absence of government Exists when: 1.Civil war within a nation and there is no clear side with control 2.Total chaos and disorder prevent a formal government from ruling Examples: Somalia, Iraq

17. Unitary Government – all powers are centralized and held by a single agency; ex: Great Britain’s Parliament Federal Government – powers are divided between central and local entities; ex: USA Confederate Government – alliance of independent states; ex: European Union

18. separation of powers between executive and legislative branches; independent but coequal president is elected by individuals outside of legislature & has separate powers president holds office for specific time separation of powers outlined in a constitution legislative branch (Congress) and president have several powers that “check and balance” the other branches

19. executive branch is made up of prime minister and his/her cabinet prime minister and cabinet are members of the legislative branch (parliament) parliament is elected, prime minister is selected by parliament and appoints own cabinet from parliamentary members executive is chosen by legislature, part of it and subject to its direct control prime minister and cabinet remain in office as long as they are supported by parliament most common form of government in the world

20. The Foundations include: Worth of Individual Equality of All Persons Majority Rule, Minority Rights Necessity of Compromise Individual Freedom

21. Free Enterprise System How the System Works Government & Free Enterprise System Internet

22. Q: Which form of government is the BEST way to govern a nation? Q: Which form of government is the BEST from an economic viewpoint? Q: Which form of government is the most sensible for governing MASSES of people?