Imperialism Ch. 11 sec 2

I. A New Period of Imperialism A. Forms of Control 1. Europeans wanted more control over the economic, political, and social lives of Africans.

I. A New Period of Imperialism A. Forms of Control 2. There were 4 forms of colonial control: colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, economic imperialism.

I. A New Period of Imperialism B. Methods of Management 1. There were two basic types: indirect control direct control

C. Indirect Control 1. Example: Britain which would ask a local ruler to accept British authority to rule 2. The assumption was that the councils would train the local leaders in British method of government 3. Once this was done correctly then the local population could govern itself

D. Direct Control 1. The French and other Euro’s preferred direct control of government 2. This developed the policy of Paternalism meaning governing people in a paternal way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights

D. Direct Control 3. Brought in their own diplomats and did not train the locals European ways of governing 4. The French also supported assimilation which has people adopt the dominant culture way of life

II. A British Colony A. Gaining Control 1. Britain gained control of Southern Nigeria through diplomacy and military means and those who rebelled were defeated 2. In 1914 the Royal Niger Company gained control of the palm oil trade along the Niger river and were able to claim Nigeria as a colony

B. Managing the Colony 1. Managing Nigeria was difficult since there were about 250 different ethnic groups 2. 3 largest groups were the Hausa-Fulani (Muslim) in the North, Yoruba in the southwest, and the Igbo (they were traditionalist) in the southeast.

II. A British Colony B. Managing the Colony 3. British used the indirect rule approach but this only worked with the Hausa-Fulani because they had a strong central government

III. African Resistance A. Unsuccessful Movements 1. The Algerians resisted French rule for over 50 years 2. Samori Toure of West Africa modernized his army and fought the French for 16 years but failed in the end

III. African Resistance A. Unsuccessful Movements 3. Maji Maji rebellion against the Germans in German East Africa cost the lives of over 75,000 via the machine gun.

B. Ethiopia: A successful Resistance 1. Menelik II became emperor in 1889 & he was able to play the Italians, French and British against each other because they all wanted a piece of his country 2. Stockpiled modern weapons as a result of trades with the French and Russians

III. African Resistance B. Ethiopia: A successful Resistance 3. Successfully defeated the Italians in the Battle of Adowa; kept his nation independent