MNA M osby ’ s Long Term Care Assistant Chapter 41 Digestive and Endocrine Disorders

Gastrointestinal System Breaks down food Eliminates solid waste

Gastrointestinal Disorders GERD Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Stomach contents flow back into the esophagus Causes heartburn

Gastrointestinal Disorders Diverticular Disease Small pouches in the colon stick out and become infected or inflamed.

Gastrointestinal Disorders Diverticulosis Abdominal pain, fever, N/V, constipation Dietary changes are tried first. Can lead to surgery

Gastrointestinal Disorders Gall Stones Bile is made by liver Stored in gallbladder Helps digest fats Can harden and form stones Stones block ducts

Gastrointestinal Disorders Gall Stones Vary in size Risk factors: Women at greater risk Genetic High fat diet Over 60 Overweight Diabetes

Gastrointestinal Disorders Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Mild or severe 5 major types of viral hepatitis

Gastrointestinal Disorders Hepatitis: 5 major types Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D and E Spread by food or water contaminated with feces from infected person. Spread through infected blood, blood products or body fluids. Spread by blood Hepatitis D occurs only in people with Hepatitis B. Hepatitis E is fecal – oral. Not common in US.

Gastrointestinal Disorders Hepatitis Signs and Symptoms Jaundice - yellow Fatigue Weakness Loss of appetite, weight loss N/V, HA Light colored BM Dark colored urine Fever, chills

Gastrointestinal Disorders Cirrhosis Chronic damage to liver Healthy tissue replaced by scar tissue Normal liver functions are effected Common causes: Alcohol abuse Hepatitis B or C

Endocrine System Made up of glands Secretes hormones

Endocrine System Disorders Diabetes Pancreas does not produce insulin Sugar builds up in the blood Cells do not have sugar for energy

Endocrine System Disorders Diabetes Symptoms: Frequent urination Thirst Hungry or tired Sores that do not heal Treatment: Insulin injections