 Do now: Open your blue book to page 450 and answer questions 1-2 using the organizer provided. (I will only need a verbal response).  Today, I will be able to identify and explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Union and Confederacy entering the Civil War. Also, I will be able to explain the importance of the Battle of Antietam.  Make sure you are caught up to date. Friday we took potentially our last quiz and there was a brief assignment (create an organizer explaining the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South entering the war).

 Union (aka “the North”) strengths:  Larger population (more potential soldiers) 4xs as many free citizens  More industry, 90% of industry  More than 3/5 th of the country’s infrastructure  Union weaknesses  Forced to conquer a large area  Relatively unfamiliar with Southern terrain  Poor leadership  (Army of the Potomac)  Confederacy (aka “the South”) strengths  Fighting defensively  Fighting for a cause (protect their home)  Better generals  Potential soldiers had a better skill set  Confederacy weaknesses  Difficult to get things done b/c of strong state’s rights feeling.  White population of only 6 million.  (Army of Northern Virginia)

 Fought 17 September 1862, near Sharpsburg MD.  First major battle to take place on Union soil, remember MD didn’t leave the Union.  Union Gen. McClellan 75,500  Confederate Gen. Lee 38,000  Almost 23,000 causalities  Considered as a Union victory  Allows Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation which will go into effect 1 Jan

 Battle of Antietam Battle of Antietam  Antietam Antietam  Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation

2 June 2015  Grades are updated.  Today, you will read about the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg.  Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg considered to be the “turning point” in the war for the Union?  How were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg fought differently?  What was the entire human toll (total number of causalities) from both battles?  You may read and answer the questions with up to 3 other ppl, I will collect your responses (20 minutes)

 Takes place: 1-3 July 1863  Union Victory  Often considered the turning point in the war (especially when coupled with Vicksburg)  Union commanders: Reynolds and Meade  Confederate commander: Lee  160,000 + soldiers involved from both sides  46,000 causalities  Confederates are now fighting strictly a defensive war.

 Ken Burns Battle of Gettysburg Ken Burns Battle of Gettysburg

 "The Key to Winning the War“ "The Key to Winning the War“  Two Turning Points Two Turning Points  Vicksburg  Siege May 1863 to 4 July 1863  Confederates surrender 30,000 soldiers and their supplies  Union will control the entire Mississippi River and will cut the Confederacy in half.  35,800 total casualties.

 Delivered by Abraham Lincoln 19 November  Purpose to memorialize those that fell during the victory at Gettysburg.  Becomes one of the most important speeches in our country’s history.  Gettysburg Address Gettysburg Address

 Gettysburg and Vicksburg mark the decline of the Confederate military operation.  2 March 1864, U.S. Grant is appointed to be “General- in-Chief”, a rank only previously awarded twice: Washington and Scott  African Americans will now be trained and allowed to serve in the Union army.  Lincoln and Grant meet in Washington D.C. to discuss a plan to break the back of the Confederacy “total war.”

 Was the plan to destroy the Confederacy’s ability and will to continue the war.  Civilian institutions will now be targeted, crops will be razed, towns will be burned, animals will be destroyed, infrastructure (railroads) will be destroyed, etc.  Maj. Gen. Sherman will be selected to lead this campaign. “Sherman’s March to the Sea”

 The first African American regiment; recruited by Fredrick Douglass.  The regiment was led by Robert Gould Shaw, son of a wealthy prominent abolitionist family.  Robert Carey will become the first African American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor.  Keep in mind African Americans are not considered to be citizens at this point.  The service of the 54 th will begin to change the minds and hearts of Northerners that didn’t view them worthy of military service or citizenship.  The climax of the movie “Glory” takes place 18 July 1863, when the 54 th attempts to take Fort Wagner S.C. The movie wins 3 Academy Awards

 The March The March

 Lincoln’s concept of “total war”, carried out by Maj. General Sherman begins to take it’s toll on the South.  9 April 1865: Battle of Appomattox Court House: 100,000 Union soldiers: 28,000 Confederate soldiers.  9 April 1865: Robert E. Lee surrenders his forces to Gen.-in-chief U.S. Grant  12 April 1865: The Army of Northern Virginia is disbanded.

 Abraham Lincoln (assassinated at Ford’s theatre): “Sic semper tyrannis”  Andrew Johnson (VP); and William Seward were also attacked.  John Wilkes Booth (killed during capture) and 8 co-conspirators will be executed.

 13 th 1865: Abolition of slavery  14 th 1867: Citizenship for African Americans (equal protection under the law)  15 th 1870: African American men can vote