1. The Civil War

2. Causes of the Civil War Slavery – Southerners thought Lincoln would challenge the Southern “way of life” – The South’s economy revolved around inexpensive slaves picking cotton and other crops Westward Expansion – What was the order/timing of bringing new states into the Union? Before the Civil War, free and slave states were paired when they entered.

3. Comparing the Sides The Union (North) Larger population Stronger economy Larger army Better equipped military The Confederacy (South) Better generals and military leaders Fought mostly in their home territory (the South) *Only needed to fight to a draw

4. Major Battles/Turning Points First Battle of Bull Run – First major battle, happened near Washington D.C., proved the war would not end quickly General U.S. Grant fought several successful battles in the West while the Union navy took control of New Orleans.

5. Major Battles/Turning Points In the east (near the capitals of the Union and Confederacy), Antietam became the bloodiest one-day battle in Am. History – Confederate General Robert E. Lee was the hero of the South

6. Major Battles/Turning Points Jan. 1, 1863; Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which promised freedom to slaves still in Confederate-controlled areas – It did not call for the immediate freedom of all slaves, but was a starting point.

7. Major Battles/Turning Points Battle of Gettysburg was fought for 3 days in July in 1863 (ended on July 4) – Major victory for the Union, Confederate forces never pushed as far north again. Also on July 4, U.S. Grant successful captured Vicksburg, a key city on the Mississippi River

8. Major Battles/Turning Points In 1864, William Tecumseh Sherman led a Union army through Georgia, raiding and destroying the plantations, homes, and cities they crossed (they also freed slaves) – The point was to make Southerners sick of the war.

9. Major Battles/Turning Points Worn out by U.S. Grant’s attacks leading to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865 – Lincoln was assassinated just days later

10. Impact Greatly increased the gap between the North and the South economically – The South remained very poor for decades Strengthened the federal govt.’s power – During the war it passed an income tax and a draft law. Ended slavery: 13 th Amendment was ratified in late 1865. – But life was still miserable for many African Americans…