1. #31 Ch.4.3 Notes The North Takes Charge
OBJECTIVE: Understand how the Civil War ended and the consequences that followed.

2. I. The Tide Turns Battle of Gettysburg
North wins decisive three-day battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
23,000 Union and 28,000 Confederates were killed or wounded.
Confederates gave up any hope of invading the North.

3. Gettysburg Address
November 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at cemetery dedication.
Helps country realize it is a unified nation that is worth preserving.

4. Ulysses S. Grant Wins at Vicksburg
Control of Vicksburg, Miss. allowed Union forces to control the Mississippi River.
Split Confederacy in half.

5. II. The Confederacy Wears Down
Confederacy no longer able to attack; work toward armistice.
Southern newspapers, legislators, public call for peace.

6. Total War
Ulysses S. Grant appoints William Sherman as Western Commander.
Grant and Sherman wage total war to destroy South’s will to fight.

7. Sherman’s March
Spring 1864, Sherman creates a path of destruction through Georgia.
Sherman’s army: ) burned almost every house in its path ) destroyed livestock and railroads.

8. Short Response Question
Do you agree or disagree with total war? Explain in 2-3 sentences.

9. The Election of 1864
Lincoln’s unexpected re-election helped by Sherman’s victories.

10. The Surrender at Appomattox
April 1865, Grant and Lee sign surrender at Appomattox Court House.
Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapses.

11. III. The War Changes the Nation
Human Cost of the War
Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers die.
Equal to number of casualties in WWI, WWII, Korea, and Vietnam Wars.

12. Political and Economic Changes
Civil War increases power, authority of federal government over state governments.
Southern economy shattered; industry, farmlands destroyed.

14. IV. The War Changes Lives
13th Amendment: 1865, bans all slavery in all states.
Lincoln is Assassinated:
April 14, 1865, Lincoln is shot at Ford’s Theater (Washington).
Assassin John Wilkes Booth escapes, 12 days later trapped by Union cavalry, shot.

15. Conclusion Civil War, slavery, and secession over. Two New Problems:
1. How to restore Southern states into the Union.
2. How to integrate 4 million newly freed African Americans into national life.