Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Unit VI Caring for Vulnerable Populations.

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Presentation transcript:

Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Unit VI Caring for Vulnerable Populations

Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 26 Communicable Diseases

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Historical Perspectives on Communicable Disease Early 19 th Century Epidemics, poor sanitation led to communicable disease Early 20 th Century Leading cause of death in U.S. was communicable disease Early 21 st Century Chronic diseases – leading cause of death in U.S. Communicable diseases – leading cause of death worldwide

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Changing World of Infectious Disease Emergence of new disease-causing organisms Nosocomial infections Drug-resistant infections

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Global Perspectives for Communicable Disease Control Surveillance Reporting guidelines  Centers for Disease Control (U.S.)

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Modes of Disease Transmission Interaction between agent, host, and environment Vertical transmission Horizontal transmission

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Modes of Transmission Direct transmission  Airborne  Fecal/oral Indirect transmission

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Immunity Acquired Natural Active

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Measles, Mumps, Rubella Tetanus, Diphtheria Varicella Influenza Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Contraindications to Immunization Permanent Contraindications Temporary Contraindications  Pregnancy  Immunosuppression  Severe illness  Recent recipient of blood products

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Populations at increased risk  Adolescents, young adults, women, minorities  Substance abusers, persons of low socioeconomic status Prevention of STD  Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Viral STDs Lifetime outbreaks Infection and symptom management

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Retrovirus Gradual destruction of immune system Opportunistic infections Transmission

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 AIDS Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chlamydia  Transmission  Symptoms  Diagnosis  Treatment  Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Syphilis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Gonorrhea Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Trichomoniasis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Prevention of STDs Role of the Community Health Nurse Education Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Emerging Infections Ebola Multi-drug resistant TB Hantavirus Escherichia Coli

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Ebola Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hantavirus Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Escherichia Coli Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Lyme Disease Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Tuberculosis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Prevention of Tuberculosis Role of the Health Department Role of the Community Health Nurse Use of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis A Transmission Individuals at high risk Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis B Transmission Individuals at high risk Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis C Transmission Individuals at high risk Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis D Transmission Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis E Transmission Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Food and Waterborne Infections Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Pediculosis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Scabies Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Influenza Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Rabies Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Community Health Nurse Responsibilities in Preventing Communicable Diseases Core Public Health Functions Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention

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