1. AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome /Gonorrhoea

2. OBJECTIVES
Identify the symptoms of Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) and gonorrhoea
Discuss the transmission and control of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and gonorrhoea

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Class
Group A
Group B
Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90

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Task Description
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6. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are generally acquired by sexual contact.
The organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids.
Causes
Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by:
Bacterium (gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia)
Parasites (trichomoniasis)
Viruses (human papillomavirus, genital herpes, HIV)
Sexual activity plays a role in spreading many other infectious agents, although it's possible to be infected without sexual contact. Examples include the hepatitis A, B and C viruses, shigella.

7. AIDS

12. Secondary (opportunistic) Infections
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems. ... HIV-related OIs include
pneumonia,
Salmonella infection,
candidiasis (thrush),
cancer, and
tuberculosis (TB)

13. As the immune system deteriorates, the disease progresses to what is known as full blown AIDS and a wide range of illnesses appear.
These are called Opportunistic diseases.

14. Control of transmission of A.I.D.S
Limit your number of sexual partners. The more partners you have, the more likely you are to have a partner with HIV whose HIV is not well controlled or to have a partner with a sexually.
Don’t inject drugs. But if you do, use only sterile drug injection equipment and water and never share your equipment with others.
Use condoms. Use a condom correctly every time you have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Read this fact sheet from CDC on how to use condoms correctly.
Be educated about how AIDS is spread and how to prevent it.
Develop a vaccine.

15. Gonorrhoea

16. Gonorrhoea is an infection spread through sexual contact.
What causes gonorrhea?
A certain kind of bacteria causes gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection, or STI. This means it can spread from one partner to another during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
A woman who is pregnant can pass the infection to

17. What are the symptoms? Many people have no symptoms, so they can pass gonorrhoea to their sex partners without knowing it.
If there are symptoms, they may include:
Pain when you urinate.
Abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina.
Gonorrhea infection in the throat also usually does not cause symptoms.
Symptoms in men usually are easier to notice than symptoms in women. But some men have mild or no symptoms.
In women, the early symptoms may be so mild that they are mistaken for a bladder infection or a vaginal infection. When an untreated infection moves into a woman's pelvic organs, symptoms can include lower belly pain, pain during sex, vaginal bleeding, and a fever.

18. How is gonorrhea diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask you questions about
your past health and
your sexual history, such as how many partners you have.
Your doctor may also do a physical exam to look for signs of infection.

19. How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
Urine or fluid from the infected area will be tested for gonorrhoea.
You may also be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at the same time. Testing can be done with a Pap test.

20. Symptoms in women In women, symptoms of gonorrhoea can include:
an unusual vaginal discharge, which may be thin or watery and green or yellow in colour
pain or a burning sensation when passing urine
pain or tenderness in the lower abdominal area (this is less common)
bleeding between periods, heavier periods and bleeding after sex (this is less common)

21. Symptoms in men In men, symptoms of gonorrhoea can include:
an unusual discharge from the tip of the penis, which may be white, yellow or green
pain or a burning sensation when urinating
inflammation (swelling) of the foreskin
pain or tenderness in the testicles (this is rare)

22. How is it treated? Antibiotics are used to treat gonorrhoea.
Getting treatment as soon as possible helps prevent the spread of the infection and lowers your risk for other problems, such as pelvic inflammatory disease.
Many people who have gonorrhoea also have chlamydia, another STI. If you have gonorrhoea and chlamydia, you will get medicine that treats both infections.