Introduction to Migration

Migration is Global In 2011, 215 million live outside country of birth 700 million migrate within their country Demographic forces, globalization, climate change will continue this trend

Why do people migrate? Push & Pull factors 1. Economics 2. Politics 3. Social Forces

Economic Causes of Migration Migration in search of better economic conditions, employment. “Guest workers” to European cities. Migration to escape: Overpopulation Poor climate conditions Natural disasters

Political Causes of Migration Refugees = large migratory number Refugee = person outside country to escape war, invasion, military takeover, or ethnic and/or religious persecution Refugees and their “stateless status” become issues in international conflicts.

Social Causes of Migration To spread a religion To reunite with family, friends, etc. who have previously migrated To find personal freedom, not necessarily as the result of persecution

On Immigrants: Issues of identity, Adaptation & assimilation Cultural values between generations On Host Country: + & - econ. Issues Welfare demands Social attitudes Effects of migration?

Effects of Immigration On Home Country Remittances Money sent home by workers $372 bill. In 2011 to developing nations Important lifeline for poor households Families left behind Families left without both parents Traditional societies threatened “Brain drain” Young people educated elsewhere but do not return home, stay in host country where the money is better Population decrease

Effects on the Host Country Economic impacts positive and negative real and perceived Welfare issues Social attitudes

What are the effects of migration? 1. Effects on the immigrants 2. Effects on the host country 3. Effects on the home country

Multi-National Issues “Open border” policies European Union has a free-border policy Immigration policies USA restricts number of immigrants allowed in each year Every so often, a U.S. administration official suggests amnesty for illegal immigrants in the U.S… Security issues Especially important since 9/11

Now let’s think about migration As you view the following maps think about Why did the migration take place? What effect did the did the migration have on the home region? On the host region? Can you connect the migration to major events in history?

Out of Africa: Earliest Human Migration

Migrations to the Americas

Indo-European Migrations (4000 BCE BCE)

Bantu Migrations (c.500 BCE-1000 CE)

Jewish Diaspora

Hun Empire threatens Europe and Asia (4 th -6 th centuries) Huns help weaken the Roman Empire under Attila White Huns invade India during the Gupta Empire Huns (Xiongnu) invade Han Dynasty (Mulan)

The Spread of Islam ( )

Viking Migrations (9 th -11 th centuries)

The Mongol Invasions (13 th -15 th centuries)

Forced Migration

The Trail of Tears, 1838

Migration due to religious persecution

Current Migrations

Which migration had the most significant impact? Why?

The Green Revolution

POV Statement Tell the reader why the author says what he or she said. _______________, the author of doc. ___ believes _________________________________________ because he/she is a __________________________ and therefore he/she___________________________