Bell work for 8/24 On your bellwork sheet, write at least three ways that World Geography will be useful to you in your life. You should think of things like culture, travel, etc…

1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK Main Ideas Section 1: The Five Themes of Geography Geographers view the world in terms of the use of space. Geographers study the world by looking at location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction. • continued . . .

The Five Themes of Geography 1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK Summary Location Absolute Location is the exact place on the earth where a geographic feature is found. Relative Location describes a place in comparison to other places around it. The Five Themes of Geography continued . . .

Hemisphere This is the name for half of the earth.

Equator The name for 0 degrees latitude. This line divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres.

Prime Meridian This is the name for 0 degrees longitude. It separates the earth into eastern and western hemispheres. It runs through Greenwich England.

These lines measure distance north and south of the equator. Latitude These lines measure distance north and south of the equator. An alternate name for these lines are parallels because they are parallel, meaning that they never meet.

These lines run from the north pole to the south pole where they meet. Longitude These lines run from the north pole to the south pole where they meet. They are used to measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian, which is o degrees longitude. They are also called meridians.

The Five Themes of Geography 1 Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK The Five Themes of Geography Place Place describes the physical features and cultural characteristics of a location. Region Region describes an area of the earth’s surface with similar characteristics, usually more than one. These may include physical, political, economic, or cultural characteristics. continued . . .

The Five Themes of Geography 1 Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK The Five Themes of Geography Movement How and why people, plants, animals, and ideas move through time and place. Human–Environment Interaction People learn to use what the environment offers them and to change that environment to meet their needs. continued . . .

The Geographer’s Tools 1 Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK The Geographer’s Tools Globe A three-dimensional representation of the earth. Map A two-dimensional representation of the earth. Mapmaking Area is surveyed. High-tech tools, including satellites, are used to gather data and create maps. continued . . .

1 Looking at the Earth Map Elements HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK Map Elements Maps have elements such as a legend to aid in interpreting them. Scale This determines how much detail is shown on a map. Grid Gridlines help to determine absolute location. continued . . .

1 Looking at the Earth Projection HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK Projection This shows the earth’s surface in two dimensions but distorts either size, shape, direction, or area. Types of Maps These include physical, political, and thematic, such as qualitative, cartographic, or flow-line. continued . . .

This explains the subject of the map. Parts of a Map: Title This explains the subject of the map.

This is a directional indicator: east-west-north-south. Compass Rose This is a directional indicator: east-west-north-south.

Words or phrases that explain features on the map. Labels Words or phrases that explain features on the map.

List and explains the symbols and use of colors on the map. Legend (Key) List and explains the symbols and use of colors on the map.

Scale Shows the ratio between a unit of length on the map and a unit of distance on the earth.

Symbols Represent such items as capital cities, economic activities or natural resources.

Colors Can represent a variety of information: political divisions, climate, and vegetation.

Map Projections: Azimuthal (Also Planar or Polar) Distance and direction are accurate if line of travel is through the polar regions.

Cylindrical

Mercator A cylindrical map. Distances between the land masses are accurate in the mid-latitudes are accurate.

Homolosine (Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area) True size and shape of the land masses, but the distances are inaccurate.

Robinson Shapes or areas near the poles appear flat, but it is otherwise very accurate.

Most helpful to sailors? Mercator: because the distances between the major landmasses in the mid-latitudes are very accurate.

Best for airline pilots? Due to the Great circle route polar maps work well.

Thematic Maps: Qualitative Use colors, symbols, and lines to help show patterns related to specific ideas.

Cartograms Presents information about a country based on data. The size of each country is drawn in proportion to the data and not based on actual geographic size.

Illustrate movement of people, goods, ideas, etc. Flow-Line Maps Illustrate movement of people, goods, ideas, etc.

1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 1. What are the imaginary parallel lines that circle the earth called? latitude lines continued . . .

1 2. What marks the beginning of longitude? Looking at the Earth HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 2. What marks the beginning of longitude? the prime meridian continued . . .

1 3. What has 180º in each hemisphere? longitude Looking at the Earth HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 3. What has 180º in each hemisphere? longitude continued . . .

1 4. How may hemispheres be divided? north and south or east and west HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 4. How may hemispheres be divided? north and south or east and west continued . . .

1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 5. What imaginary line separates the Northern Hemisphere from the Southern Hemisphere? the equator continued . . .

1 6. Which term is also known as a meridian line? longitude lines HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 6. Which term is also known as a meridian line? longitude lines continued . . .

1 7. Would a cartographer work on a map or a globe? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 7. Would a cartographer work on a map or a globe? A cartographer would work on both. continued . . .

1 8. Why are map projections needed? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Places & Terms 8. Why are map projections needed? They are needed to represent our three-dimensional world in two dimensions. continued . . .

1 1. How is absolute location different from relative location? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Five Themes of Geography 1. How is absolute location different from relative location? Absolute location gives an exact position of a feature on the earth’s surface. Relative location describes the feature’s relationship to other features on the earth. continued . . .

1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Five Themes of Geography The Five Themes of Geography 2. What are some examples of information that would be included in a place description? physical features such as rivers or mountains, human-made features such as cities, highways, and cultural aspects continued . . .

1 Looking at the Earth 3. How is place different from region? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Five Themes of Geography The Five Themes of Geography 3. How is place different from region? Place describes what a location is like. Region describes how places are similar or different. continued . . .

1 Looking at the Earth 4. Why do geographers study movement? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Five Themes of Geography The Five Themes of Geography 4. Why do geographers study movement? Geographers study movement to understand how people, goods, and ideas move from place to place. continued . . .

1 Looking at the Earth 1. What is the purpose of a map? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Geographer’s Tools 1. What is the purpose of a map? A map shows the locations of places on the earth and of one place relative to another. continued . . .

1 Looking at the Earth 2. How do satellites aid in mapmaking? HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Geographer’s Tools 2. How do satellites aid in mapmaking? Satellites provide accurate data for a map. continued . . .

1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home The Geographer’s Tools 3. Why is GIS a valuable tool for examining the geography of a place? It enables geographers to view many different aspects of a specific place. continued . . .

1 HOME Chapter PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Looking at the Earth GEOGRAPHY SKILLS HANDBOOK GeoGame GeoGame Home Geographic Challenge 1. Why was it necessary for geographers to develop a grid system? Because the earth is round, it is necessary to create a method of marking a location. Without the grid system, there would be no accurate reference points. continued . . .

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