Chapter 15 Section 3 Greek Learning

Anticipatory Set How many of you plan to study the following? Philosophy History Science Mathematics Medicine The Greek endured many contributions to these fields of knowledge

Standards S.S. 6.4.8 E-LA Reading 6.1.2 Describe the enduring contributions of important Greek figures in the arts and sciences (e.g., Hypatia, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Euclid, Thucydides) E-LA Reading 6.1.2 Identify and interpret figurative language and words with multiple meanings.

Objective Students will learn about the Greeks’ enduring contributions to philosophy, history, science, mathematics, and medicine.

Language of the Discipline Reason Logic Plato Academy Thucydides Aristotle

The Origins of Greek Philosophy (Input) The Greeks had many questions like the Chinese but took their search deeper to determine what is true The Greeks believed they could determine what is real by using reason, or the power to think in a clear manner Greek developed a system of reasoning known as logic Logic thinking involves a step-by-step method of thinking through a problem or question

Socrates and Plato (Input) Philosophers resided in Athens Socrates drifted around Athens in a tattered coat People came up to talk to him wherever he went Socrates would ask people question after question to make them think clearly about things Today this method is called the Socratic method and used in a variety of subjects He often challenged accepted beliefs which got him in to trouble with Athenian leaders They charged him with corrupting the young and not believing in the gods

Socrates and Plato (Input)

Socrates and Plato (Input) Socrates was sentenced to death He was ordered to drink poison made from the hemlock plant Socrates had his student Plato write his ideas down Plato demonstrated how Socrates used his teaching methods to guide people to think logically by using dialogue Plato went on to find a school of philosophy called an academy Today the word academy means a school devoted to a particular subject

Greek Historians (Input) Greeks searched for wisdom by studying the past They investigated what happened in the past and why these events took place Herodotus “the father of history” wrote The Histories which is the first known narrative of history He was the first known to examine historical events critically He lived during the Persian Wars, which is where conflict and culture of both peoples became the subject of The Histories

Greek Historians (Input)

Greek Historians (Input) Thucydides was also a historian who lived during the time of conflict between Athens and Sparta (The Peloponnesian War) He served as a naval commander in the war Before writing about a battle he would go visit it and interview the people who had be present He wanted his history to be accurate so that people would not repeat mistakes of the past

Science and Medicine (Input) Most ancient Greeks assumed the gods caused everything Even though many believed this, Greeks began to look for natural causes of events Greeks formed hypotheses, or logical guesses, to explain what they observed Many of their hypotheses were wrong, but they laid the foundations of modern science, mathematics, and medicine

The Natural Sciences (Input) Greeks began the scientific study of nature They believed that natural laws governed the universe and not the gods Identifying and explaining those laws became a challenge One of the first scientific thinkers was Thales of Miletus He began his study by asking “what are all things made of?” His answer water was incorrect He believed that the earth was a flat disk that floated on water

The Natural Sciences (Input)

The Natural Sciences (Input) He inspired better thinker like Democritus to believe that the universe was made up of atoms Thales asked questions about the earth that were based on observations of nature The most famous natural philosopher was the scholar Aristotle He studies Plato’s Academy He was interested in all kinds of knowledge He collected and analyzed data about plants, animals, and rocks. He studied math and logic He wrote about government, poetry, politics, and drama

Mathematics (Input) Greeks discovered many basic concepts in mathematics Pythagoras of Samos was an early Greek mathematician who thought numbers were the key to understanding the universe Geometry students today still learn the Pythagorean theorem Euclid was another important mathematician who was known for bringing together geometry in his book Elements This work still forms the basis of many modern geometry textbook

Mathematics (Input)

Medicine (Input) The Greeks made contributions to medicine Greek doctors looked for natural causes of illnesses instead of blaming the gods Their success at treating patients brought the Greeks fame Hippocrates taught his students to diagnose patients by asking them questions about their illnesses and observing their symptoms He also had them swear by oath which is still done today

Check for Understanding Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank _______________ is the power to think in a clear manner Reason

Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question. How did Plato demonstrate the teachings of Socrates? In a series of conversations called dialogues

Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question. What did early scientists believe governed the universe? Natural laws

Guided Practice/Independent Practice Complete questions 1 - 2 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. Independent Practice Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 3 and 4 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Homework Note-taking guide on the reverse side.