1. Chapter 9 – The Greek World
Section Notes
Video
Greek Achievements
The Greek Scholars
Maps
The Persian Empire
The Persian Wars
The Peloponnesian War,
c BC
Alexander the Great’s
Empire, c. 323 BC
History Close-up
The Parthenon
Quick Facts
Life in Sparta
Life in Athens
Chapter 9 Visual Summary
Images
Persia under Darius
Phalanx
Greek Sculpture
Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates

2. Greek Achievements The Big Idea
Ancient Greeks made lasting contributions in the arts, philosophy, and science.
Main Ideas
The Greeks made great contributions to the arts.
The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy.
In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering.

3. Main Idea 1: The Greeks made great contributions to the arts.
Greek statues look as though they could come to life at any time, because Greek artists wanted to show how beautiful people could be.
Greek paintings are known for their realism and detail.
The Greeks made temples with rows of tall columns rounded in the middle so they appear perfectly straight.
The Parthenon was their most impressive temple.
The Greeks excelled at writing.
They created dramas, or plays.
The Greeks were the first to write about history.

4. Main Idea 2: The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy.
Socrates taught by asking questions, a technique we call the Socratic method.
He wanted people to question their beliefs and look for knowledge. This angered and frightened people.
He was arrested and condemned to death for questioning the authority of the gods.
Plato and Aristotle followed after Socrates in their pursuit for knowledge and deeper understanding.

5. Plato and Aristotle Plato had been a student of Socrates.
Plato created a school, the Academy, to discuss ideas.
He also wrote The Republic, which described his ideal society.
Aristotle was Plato’s student.
He taught about living life in moderation, or balance.
He believed moderation was based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking.

6. Main Idea 3: In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering.
Euclid spent his life studying mathematics, especially geometry.
Greek doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked.
Hippocrates was a Greek doctor known for his ideas about how doctors should behave.
Engineers like Archimedes made great discoveries, such as the water screw, which brought water to the fields.