2. Philosophy: “The Love of Wisdom” Philosopher – people involved in debate about personal conduct and morality 3 important philosophers: Socrates Plato Aristotle Philosophy Video

3. Socrates Lived during the height of the Athenian power Questioned most ideas that were generally accepted Had many enemies among the leaders of Athens Was named one of the wisest men in all of Greece Devoted himself to finding a more intelligent man than himself Taught others by correcting their mistakes After time, was seen as a destructive critic and was questioned about his loyalty to the state Mission: Expose ignorance and lead people to truth Charged with Atheism and sentenced to death by poison “The life unexamined is not worth living.” - Socrates

4. Plato Main interest: politics Wrote first political science book, called The Republic 4 basic virtues: – Truth – Wisdom – Courage – Moderation Established a school called The Academy, taught philosophy and science

5. Aristotle Tutored Alexander the Great Established school named The Lyceum Primary interest: Biology Observed the world around him by collecting and classifying plant/animal samples, which led to the basis of modern biology Built the third step of the scientific method by Thales of Miletus – 1 st step: Scientific method – 2 nd step: Hypothesis – 3 rd step: Test hypothesis for accuracy

6. Plato vs Aristotle PLATOARISTOTLE IDEALISMREALISM REPUBLICPOLITICS The Ideal StateA Working Government Transcend Human SelfishnessAcknowledge Human Selfishness Social UnityBalance

7. Mathematics First Mathematician: Thales of Miletus, discovered 5 geometrics theorems that helped to improve navigation Most famous Greek mathematician: Pythagoras of Samos, studied patterns of numbers, created the Pythagorean theorem (a 2 +b 2 =c 2 ) Most famous from Hellenistic Era: Euclid, wrote 13 books of geometry Creator of Pi ( π ): Archimedes, also created a way to measure volume of irregular objects Both Euclid and Archimedes were influenced by Eastern thinkers.

8. Medicine Medicine practice was often based on spirituality During the 5 th century doctors began a more scientific approach towards treatment. Doctors learned to use herbs, drugs and ointments. Doctors did not need a license or medical degree, but instead were judged on successes and failures Father of medicine: Hippocrates – Founded a medical school – Wrote a great deal about treatment for illnesses – Developed a more scientific approach – Set high standards for professional conduct

9. Astronomy Greek astronomers came remarkably close in estimating the length of a solar year, only 6 minutes and 26 seconds off the actual time The astronomer Hipparchus calculated the time it took for the moon to travel around the Earth.  The Greeks developed a luni-solar calendar, based on the changes in the moon. (p. 193 in text)

10. Video & Homework https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7K59sHKCTM P193 #1