AFRICA. Africa Today How Big is Africa? I. Early Africa A. Earliest Civilization 1. 7 million years ago, 1 st people 2. Originated in southeast Africa.

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Presentation transcript:

AFRICA

Africa Today

How Big is Africa?

I. Early Africa A. Earliest Civilization 1. 7 million years ago, 1 st people 2. Originated in southeast Africa (Hadar, Ethiopia, Lake Turkana, Kenya & Laetoli, Tanzania) 3. Moved north, northeast, northwest “Out of Africa”

I. Early Africa

4. Discovered/created fire 5. Hunters & Gatherers 6. By 16,000 BCE, farming began with okra, black eye peas, gourds, watermelons, yams, peanuts, kola nuts, cotton, beans, wheat, barley, domestication of cattle, sheep, etc 7. Metalwork which included, iron, copper, lead & bronze production

II. African Empires

A. Prior to the colonialism, thousands of empires/kingdoms existed throughout Africa B. Ancient Empires include: – 1. Ancient Egypt (3100 BCE-870 CE) – 2. Ancient Kush/Nubia (Sudan) (760 BCE-656 BCE) – 3. Ancient Carthage (Tunisia) (575 BCE-146 BCE) – 4. Ancient Axum (Ethiopia) ( CE)

II. African Empires Ancient Kush/Nubia (Sudan) Ancient Egypt Ancient Carthage (Tunisia)Ancient Axum (Ethiopia)

III. West African Empires A. “Sudanic Empires”, “Bilad al Sudan (“land of the Blacks”) included: 1. Ghana ( CE) 2. Mali ( CE) 3. Songhai ( CE) 4. Kanem-Bornu ( CE)

III. West African Empires Present day Mauritania & Mali

III. West African Empires Mansa Musa

III. West African Empires Timbuktu, Mali Songhai Empire included present day Mali, Niger & Burkina Faso

III. West African Empires Sunni Ali, Songhai Emperor Idris Alooma, Kanem-Bornu Emperor

III. West African Empires Present day Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon & Nigeria

III. West African Empires B. Islam – 1. Sudanic Empires were all Muslim (followers of Islam) – 2. Islam spread through trade routes that connected West, North & East Africa with the Arabian peninsula, India & China – 3. It brought literacy, political stability, economic prosperity – 4. Africans combined existing traditions with Islamic doctrine, culture & even fashion

III. West African Empires

C. West African Empires included: 1. Benin ( CE) Benin & Nigeria 2. Yoruba/Oyo ( CE) Nigeria D. Practiced Indigenous African Religion E. Organized in city-states, which were ruled by a chief & the chiefs were ruled by a KING F. Traded gold, pepper, ivory, slaves, blue fabric, leopard skins, glass beads, etc

III. West African Empires Oba of Benin

III. West African Empires

IV. Southwestern African Empires A. Southwestern Empires included: 1. Luba ( ) Democratic Republic of Congo 2. Kongo ( ) Kongo, Angola & Gabon B. Formed along the Congo River C. Luba was: 1. feudal system 2. agrarian based 3. metal work 4. traded palm oil, metal work, salt, beads, etc

IV. Southwestern African Empires

D Kongo: – 1. Absolute monarch – 2. Traded gold, pepper, ivory, slaves, blue, fabric, leopard skins, glass beads, etc – 3. King Alfonso converted to Christianity, so did many of his subjects – 4. King Alfonso tried to curtail slavery, famously wrote a letter

IV. Southwestern African Empires

V. South African Empires A. Zimbabwe 1. located between Limpopo & Zambezi Rivers 2. founded 1150 CE 3. Indigenous African w/o Islamic influences 4. Organized into city-states & ruled by a king 5. traded gold, copper, cloth & glass 6. zimbabwe means house of stone

V. South African Empires

B. Zulu Kingdom located along the southeast African coast 2. Indigenous African language & religion 3. founded by Shaka 4. extended slave trade in southeastern Africa

V. South African Empires

VI. East African Empires A. East African Coastal areas 1. were organized into city-states, major city-states included: a. Kilwa Island off the coast of Tanzania) b. Mombasa (Kenya) c. Zanzibar (Tanzania) d. Mogadishu (Somalia)

VI. East African Empires

Kilwa s

VI. East African Empires 2. Traded ivory, incense, gold, iron, slaves, spices, perfumes with Africans, Arabs, East Indians, Malaysians & Persians 3. Islam dominant religion 4. The Swahili language, a combination of Arabic & Bantu (indigenous sub-Saharan African languages) developed

VI. East African Empires

B. Ethiopia 1. Ethiopian people are combination of Indigenous African & Arab people 2. Christianity is the dominant religion a. 330CE King Ezana converted to Christianity b. 900s CE Ethiopian Orthodox Church formed 3. Isolated from African neighbors 4. Solomonic Dynasty ruled from

VI. East African Empires

VII. North African Empires

African Independence