1. Do Now: Complete worksheet.
Aim:What influence did religion and trade have on the development of East Africa?
Do Now: Complete worksheet.

2. The Kingdom of Axum
King Ezana of Axum conquered the ancient Nile kingdom of Nubia. (350 A.D.)
žAxum: A powerful kingdom and the trading center of east Africa.žž
Located in present-day northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.
žGeez: The written and spoken language in Axum.
Had a merge of cultures.

3. Trade Network Axum had two main cities. Port of Adulis on the red sea
Its capital city of Axum
Axum made the triangular trade network. (200 B.C.- 400A.D.)
Africa to India by the Arabian Sea and to the Mediterranean world.
This trade route brought wealth to east Africa.

4. Items Traded Through Axum
EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN
AFRICA
ASIA
Cotton
Cloth
Silk
Porcelain
China
Glassware
Iron
Spices
Gold
Animal hides and skins
Ivory
Animal products
Linen cloth
Brass
Copper
Iron tools
Wine
Olive oil
(COPY AT LEAST THREE OF EACH)

5. The Spread of Christianity
Greek,Egyptian,Arab,and Jewish merchants associated with those of Africa,India,and other regions.
Many ideas and goods were spread along with the trade.
King Ezana ( A.D.)
He converted to Christianity.
Christian churches started to take the place of the older temples.

6. The Effect of Christianity
Christianity made Axum’s relations with North Africa and the Mediterranean better.
However, it worsened their relationship with neighbors who were not Christian.
Islam began to spread in Africa.
Most places in Africa became Muslim, which made Axum cut off their ties with the rest of Africa.
The triangular trade network came to an end because:
The distance to Europe became a problem.
India and the rest of Africa was Muslim.
Axum lost power in politics and its economy but still had its cultural and religious aspects.
Axum was able to to keep their independence because of their Coptic Christian faith.
This made them unique.
They built great churches.

7. Cont. & City-States
The people of Axum still kept ties with the Holy land.
Ex: some went to Jerusalem, kept in touch with christians in Egypt.
Traditions included dance and East Africa music.
Kings believed they were descendents of the queen of Sheba and king Solomon.
Falasha: Ethiopian Jews.
East African City-States: Kilwa, Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Sofala. (Copy two)
Arab and Persian merchants made Muslim communities. (600 A.D.)
Bantu-speaking people migrated there and converted to Islam.
Asian traders were also added to the cultural mixture because some port cities were located for trade with Asia.

8. Growing Trade
East African coast the rulers saw the advantages of trade.
Ships from Arabia,Persia and China were welcomed to East Africa .
From Africa what the traders received were:
Ivory, iron, leopard skin , copper, and gold.
From other countries like Southeast Asia,India and China came:
cotton cloth ,spices silk,porcelain,glassware,and swords.
Trade helped rulers build stronger cities.
A slave trade began that sent slaves from Africa to the Middle East to beyond,and this is when slavery spread throughout the Mediterranean world.

9. A Blend of Cultures
International trade created a varied mix of cultures in East African city-states.
With the spread of Islam, Middle Eastern influences grew stronger.
Marriages further spread the Muslim culture.
The blend of cultures gave rise to a new language → Swahili
fused many Arabic words onto a Bantu base
written in Arabic script

10. The Great Zimbabwe
In the 1800s Europeans came upon massive ruins such as looming walls, great palaces, and cone shape towers
They thought it was the work of the Phoenicians.
The Bantu-speaking people settled in the regions between 900 and 1500.
These new people brought improved farming skills, iron, and mining methods.
They produced enough food to support a growing population.

11. Economy and Government
The early settlers built a castle out of stone to protect their livestock.
Later on they started to improve their building methods and started to build walls and palaces.
Beads and porcelain found in Zimbabwe proves it was apart of a trade network that reached across the Indian Ocean.
Center of manufacturing
Artisans turned gold & copper into jewelry
made iron tools
weave cotton into cloth