1. African Civilizations

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4. Ghana ~3rd Century CE, become wealthy off taxing the trade of gold for salt Islam adopted ~ 10th Century

6. Fall of Ghana
Invaded and weakened CE
By 13th Century overrun

7. Mali Founded by Sundiata, leader of a tribe who broke away from Ghana
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Founded by Sundiata, leader of a tribe who broke away from Ghana
Economic foundation was agriculture, as well as gold mines

8. okok

9. Mansa Musa
Ruler of Mali known for his Hajj Brought the attention of the world to Mali

10. Architecture and Timbuktu
Islamic Architects come to Mali and create unique style
Timbuktu becomes a great city of 50,000+ with a famous Mosque, University and Library

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12. Songhai 1450-1600 C.E. Largest West African State
Revolted against Mali rule and conquered Timbuktu around 1450, gained control of trade routes
Muslim Dynasty
Civil War and invasions lead to downfall

13. Benin Rain Forest dwellers
Traded in Ivory, Pepper and eventually slaves
Early 1500s Portuguese contact

14. The Kingdom of Aksum

15. Rise of Aksum South of Kush on Red Sea Located on a Coastal plain
Spoke Ge’ez
1 of 1st written
languages of Africa

16. Aksum Rich farmland Grew wheat and barley Controlled Red Sea trade
Strong navy
Traders from inland brought gold, ivory, and slaves
Used money
By 300 C.E. grew wealthy

17. King Ezana Conquered the Kush in 350 C.E. Converted to Christianity
Made it official religion

18. Decline 600s C.E. Muslims begin to invade
700s Muslims conquer territory around Aksum
Including Aksum’s port city of Adulis
People of Aksum retreated to Ethiopian Highlands

22. Kingdom of Ethiopia

23. Rise of Ethiopia 1100s C.E. remainders of Aksum est. new Kingdom
Zagwe Dynasty

24. ~1150 Zagwe Dynasty
King Lalibela built the churches carved from rock

25. 1270 –1974 Solomonid Dynasty
Fought religious wars to conquer Islamic and Jewish territory (Beta Israel and Muslim Kingdom of Adal)

26. East African City States

27. Bantu tribes left the central African Tropics about 1000 B.C.E.
Spread their population and knowledge (iron working and farming) throughout Southern Africa

29. Eastern Africa City-States
The Indian Ocean Monsoons go from the southwest from April to October and from the northeast from October to April.
Trade network developed b/w India and East Africa

30. East African Ports become wealthy
Mogadishu
Mombasa
Kilwa
Sofala

31. Trade From Africa From India/China Glassware Porcelain Silk cotton
Coconut oil
Copper
Leopard skins
Ivory
Gold
Slaves

32. Blending of African and Islamic Culture
Swahili
Blending of African and Islamic Culture
Ex: Language: Bantu + Arabic = Swahili Architecture

33. Great Zimbabwe Interior of Africa ~1100s Middleman of Africa
Located between
gold mines/ivory hunters
And
Port cities

34. Great Zimbabwe Minimal info from archeological digs
Disappeared about 1400
Replaced by the Mutapa Empire (to the North) in 1400s