Fascism/ Nazism & Totalitarism

Fascism Extreme Militarism Loyalty to state and obedience to its leader. Extreme Nationalism 2

Nazism German brand of fascism. National Socialist German Workers’ Party (aka: Nazi). More of a practice than a form of government. Extreme Nationalism. 3

Totalitarianism Political Gov’t system People totally subjected to state/authority No freedom or privacy Strong military enforcement to lead country 4

Benito Mussolini Fascist Totalitarian Dictator Italians angry because territory was not gained during Treaty of Versailles. Unemployment up, taxes up trade down = Civil unrest Organized the Fascist Party – Wanted to stop the Communist & Socialist Revolutionaries Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of new government. 5

Benito Mussolini Fascist Totalitarian Dictator Promised to revive Italy’s economy & military 1925: Mussolini known as “Il Duce”. (eel-DOO-chay) Censored press, restricts voting, has secret police brings economy under state control. Children taught to obey strict military discipline. 6

Adolf Hitler Fascist Totalitarian Dictator Encouraged territorial expansion of Germany lost in the Treaty of Versailles. Wanted to strengthen industry and military. Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems. 1933: became Chancellor of Germany. 7

Adolf Hitler Fascist Totalitarian Dictator NAZI: National Socialist German Workers’ Party Suspended civil rights, destroyed communists, ended political & economic freedom. Created brutal system of terror: SS troops (secret police) The Gestapo 8

Joseph Stalin Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R 1901: Joined the Social Democratic Labor Party. Helped to organize industrial resistance to Tsarism. In 1924: After Lenin’s death, Stalin took of the New Economic Party. His Goal: Make USSR a world power 9

Joseph Stalin Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R Planned to industrialize the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Secret police “KGB” spied on citizens & executes anyone who might oppose him (genocide). He makes a deal with Hitler to not attack each other. 10

General Hideki Tojo Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan Japanese Emperor was Taisho (weak). General Hideki Tojo was the real leader. Major goal was to rule all of Asia. Policy: Industrialization & Militarism 11

General Hideki Tojo Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan Japan is in need of raw materials (oil) Invaded Korea (1905), Manchuria & China (1937) Challenged League of Nations and withdrew. League of Nations has no power to condemn for invasion When Japan invades the rest of China, President Roosevelt cuts off oil supply to Japan. 12

Causes of World War II 13

14 Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

15 Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Winston Churchill British Prime Minister

16 Major Leaders Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President Joseph Stalin Russian Leader