1. Rise of Dictators

2. What is a dictator? Someone who leads a government with complete control Usually come to power during times of emergency Usually not a “nice” person

3. Benito Mussolini Leader in Italy from 1922-1943 Started the Fascist party Fascism- an extreme form of patriotism and nationalism that is often linked to racism. Wanted to create a new Roman Empire Fought in WWI Kicked out of Socialist party party

4. Benito Mussolini’s Goals Hated Democracy Glorified military Despised socialism and communism Used Black Shirts, youth and community to advance his cause Controlled the media Italian superiority

5. Benito Mussolini’s Actions Other political parties outlawed Reduced unemployment Joined Hitler in WWII to form the Axis Powers Fled after WWII and shot to death by Italians Italian Treasury went broke after WWII

6. Joseph Stalin Leader in Russia from 1924-1953 Ran a Communist party Government controls economy Strengthen Russia to conquer the world

7. Joseph Stalin’s Goals Built up position over years Execution or labor camp for all dissenters Used Georgian thugs to kill his opponents Wanted to help country catch up with the rest of the world Turns country into a steel factory

8. Joseph Stalin’s Actions By 1930, was a totalitarian government Government suppresses all opposition and individuals have NO rights No economic base to support development Stabilized economy but no real growth

9. Adolf Hitler Ruled Italy from 1933- 1945 Started the Nazi Party He said Germany had been treated unfairly with the Treaty of Versailles Dismantles German republic

10. Adolf Hitler’s Goals Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Blamed Jews for many of their problems Conquered most of Europe Spread death as no one else in history

11. Adolf Hitler’s Actions From 1921-1923, Nazi Party grows from 6,000 to 53,000 Gathered Brown Shirts, SS and Gestapo as spy groups and enforcers Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war Built tanks, guns and other war supplies

12. Why was there a “Rise of Dictators”? Germany, Japan and Italy felt shut out of the economic growth of the 1920’s New leaders promised to improve life and expand territory Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during WWI Germany didn’t have enough money to do this.

13. Why was there a “Rise of Dictators”? Leaders were overthrown by stronger leaders Nationalism-belief that your country is better than any other country

14. Dictators Expand Territory Dictators in Europe and Japan sought new territories. Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Hitler invades Austria, then Sudetenland

15. Appeasement British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler in Munich The Munich Agreement: Germany would gain control of the Sudetenland but would stop seeking more territory Appeasement- give dictators what they want and hope they don’t want anything else

16. Dictators Expand Territory Hitler breaks his promise- conquers the rest of Czechoslovakia Promised Poland was next. Great Britain and France warned that an attack on Poland would mean war. June 1940 Germany invaded Poland. Two weeks after, France surrendered Hitler expected Great Britain to seek peace.

17. WWII Begins Hitler attacks London but the British Royal Air Force is able to hold off the Germans Despite his partnership with Stalin in the Nonaggression Pact, Hitler invades the Soviet Union in June 1941

18. Dictators Expand Territory Dictators in Europe and Japan sought new territories. 1931 Japan conquers Manchuria in China 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 Hitler moves troops into Rhineland 1937 Japan invades China 1938 Germany invades Austria 1939 Germany conquers Czechoslovakia & Poland. WWII begins. 1940 Germany invades Denmark, Norway, Belgium & France. Bombs Great Britain. 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union

19. Lend-Lease Act 1941, Congress approves the Lend- Lease Act with Roosevelt’s support. Allowed the US to lend or lease resources and equiptment to the Allies. US sends Allies about $50 billion worth of goods.