1. World War II
the Rise of Dictators

4. What if you were dictator of a country…?
How would you run the country?
Laws?
Government agencies?
Things to consider…
How would you keep the people happy?
How would you curtail criticism?
How would you treat political dissenters?

5. Totalitarianism Expected active loyalty and commitment
control of political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life
led by a single leader & party
not interested in individual freedom (civil liberties)
used modern technology & propaganda

6. PREDICT: Why do you think people like Adolf Hitler were able to rise to power after WWI?

7. Totalitarian Dictator: Benito Mussolini
Country and Party:
Italy
Fascist Party
Fascism
IT 1st (Fascio di Combattimento)
extreme nationalism
“The foundation of Fascism is the conception of the State, its character, its duty, and its aim. Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived of in their relation to the State.”

8. What makes Mussolini a totalitarian dictator?
Squadristi or Blackshirts
Bands of armed Fascists
Attacked political opposition
Violence to break up strikes
Liked by middle-class to wealthy
Wanted more land

9. Il Duce 1922 – threatened to march on Rome
Victor Emmanuel III made BM prime minister
Right to suspend publications that criticized
Catholic Church
Monarchy
State
Prime minister = head of gov’t; laws by decree
Police given unrestricted authority
Outlawed all political parties
Secret police = OVRA

10. Totalitarian Dictator: Josef Stalin
Country and Party:
Soviet Union (USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Communist Party

11. What makes Stalin a totalitarian dictator?
Continued Lenin’s Communist Dictatorship
Eliminated Bolsheviks from the Politburo
Command Economy:
-5-year plans to build industry
-Collectivization of farms to increase food production

12. What makes Stalin a totalitarian dictator?
Used secret police to arrest those who didn’t agree with Communism
-”Great Purge” of rival party leaders
Labor camps in Siberia
Censored literature, music, movies and art
Banned religion

13. Totalitarian Dictators: Emperor Hirohito and General Hediki Tojo
I am the brains behind the operations…
Two words… Pearl Harbor.
Country:
Japan
I am the Emperor! I hold all the power!
Really….I make all the decisions!
General Hideki Tojo
Emperor Hirohito

14. What makes Hirohito and Tojo totalitarian dictators?
Increased militarism
Industrialization leads to drive for raw materials (natural resources)
Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China!

15. Manchurian (Mudken) Incident, 1919
Japan blows up part of its OWN railroad line in Manchuria…
Japanese officials blame the Chinese for the destruction
of the RR
Use this as an
excuse to
occupy S.
Manchuria

16. Totalitarian Dictator: Adolf Hitler
Country and Party:
Germany
National Socialist
(Nazi Party)

17. What makes Hitler a totalitarian dictator?
Anti-Semitism propoganda
Inflation and depression blamed on Jews!
Promotion of the perfect Aryan Race
(blond hair, blue eyes=perfect German race!)

18. What makes Hitler a totalitarian dictator?
Weakening of Democratic gov’t (Weimar)
Extreme nationalism
occupation of CZ & invasion of PL for expansion of Aryan race (Lebensraum)