Republic to Empire.

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From Republic To Empire

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Presentation transcript:

Republic to Empire

Roman Senate 200 B.C. Roman senate and Patricians controlled Gov’t Plebeians gained right to elect tribunes (10) to protect their interests Tribunes could veto (block) laws

Unrest The senate bought out small peasant owners land Caused a number of poor individuals to drift to the city of Rome. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus- Tribunes who were killed by senators for urging them to give land back to the poor

Marius and Sulla General Marius promised land to the poor if they joined army and swore allegiance to him Senate employs General Sulla to seize control of the army and defeat Marius  Civil War! Sulla wins with better trained Army

First Triumvirate Three Men- Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar divide power over empire Triumvirate- a Gov’t ruled by three people.

Power struggle Caesar commanded in Gaul Pompey commanded Spain Crassus commanded Syria In 53 B.C. Crassus was killed in battle Leads to senate asking Pompey to rule Rome and Caesar to surrender Caesar is popular with Plebs

Caesar takes control Caesar Crosses the Rubicon river heading back to Rome no turning back In 45 B.C. Caesar won a civil war in Rome and became the first dictator

Death of Caesar While dictator Caesar gave land to the poor Kept senate but added members to diminish power In 44 B.C. he was assassinated - Senators believed Caesar wanted to remain dictator for life.

The second triumvirate Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus formed the second triumvirate Eventually Octavian (Caesars nephew) and Antony took control

Battle for Rome Antony allies himself with the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra VII Battle of Actium- Octavian Crushes Antony’s navy and army. Antony and Cleopatra return to Egypt where they commit suicide. Octavian becomes Emperor Augustus