L/R REVIEW: CRUSADES

Do Now 1.Who was the strong secular leader who clashed with Pope Gregory VII? a.Charlemagneb. Otto the Great c.Henry IVd. Torquemada 2.The Magna Carta limited the king’s right to a.Conquer Normandyb. behead prisoners c.Expel Jewsd. collect taxes 3.One of the results of the Crusades was a.To inspire further exploration of the world b.To force Turks to move to Africa c.The appearance of new farming techniques d.That Christians were tortured by the Spanish Inquisition 4.What was the Reconquista? a.A church court designed to investigate and judge heretics b.A movement to drive the Muslims out of Spain c.The union of Spain’s largest kingdoms d.The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand

7.6.4 The conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs (e.g., Charlemagne, Gregory VII, Emperor Henry IV) Charlemagne is a Christian ruler; protects Pope Leo III, gets crowned emperor Sets the tradition that only Popes can crown emperors Eastern Church disagrees Pope Gregory VII declares that he is the sole authority in Europe Only he can pick bishops and get rid of emperors Henry IV gets mad, starts a feud Gregory excommunicates Henry, Henry begs forgiveness Henry marches to Rome, kicks Gregory out Concordat of Worms= compromise, Pope can pick bishops but emperors can bribe them

7.6.6 The causes and course of the religious Crusades and their effects on the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations in Europe. Muslim Turks take over Jerusalem, Byzantine emperor gets scared Pope Urban II calls for a crusade, defend Christianity – God says it’s OK to kill! symbol = cross, “God wills it!” 1 st Crusade – success, gets rid of Muslims 2 nd Crusade – fail, Muslims fight back as they feel disrespected 4 th Crusade – disgrace to Crusades; instead of going to Holy Land, attack Constantinople and steal stuff – Christian town!  Effects: 1. European’s eyes are open to the rest of the world 2. Begin to trade with Muslims/Middle East (spices! Silk!) 3. Start to explore, great voyages, etc. 4. Jews/Muslims persecuted Jews/Muslims treated horribly, expelled from France and England Results in loss of culture, brains, money

7.6.9 Decline of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula that culminated in the Reconquista and the rise of Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms. Muslims in Spain are called Moors, live in Southern Spain advanced in: science, medicine, literature, art, architecture, etc. Cordoba and Granada are the main Muslim cities Pope calls for Reconquista, drive Muslims out of Spain marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella unites Spain, very Catholic monarchy bring in Torquemada to head the Spanish Inquisition, use torture and terror on Jews and Muslims kick out Jews and Muslims in 1492