Section 1 Chapter 11 LT Tell how Florence and other cities contributed to the start and spread of the Renaissance. Explain how reopening the Silk Road and Marco Polo’s travels affected the Renaissance.

Origins of the Renaissance Sect. 1 7.8.2 7.8.3 The Big Idea The growth of wealthy trading cities in Italy led to a new era called the Renaissance. Main Ideas European trade with Asia increased in the 1300s. Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy and competed against each other. As Florence became a center for arts and learning, the Renaissance began.

Main Idea 1: European trade with Asia increased in the 1300s. The results of the Black Death: 1. economy of Europe began to grow 2. Goods became available 3. people bought more things 4. trade increased. Mongols took over China. They made roads safe again, including the Silk Road, a trade route between Europe and China. Traders and travelers began to use the routes again. Marco Polo and his family went over the Silk Road. He gained favor in the Chinese court and took fabulous stories back to Italy.

These cities became trading centers. Florence- manufacturing center Main Idea 2: Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy and competed against each other. Northern Italy and its cities had become trading centers. These cities played very important roles in trade. These cities became trading centers. Florence- manufacturing center Genoa- Port city on the Mediterranean Sea Milan- manufacturing center Venice- Port city on the Mediterranean Sea Milan produced weapons and silk. Florence was a center for weaving wool into cloth. Wealthy families controlled the important cities of Italy.

Main Idea 3: As Florence became a center for arts and learning, the Renaissance began. Trade goods from Asia poured into Europe. The merchant families in Italy became very wealthy. The families wanted everyone to see what they could buy with their wealth. Renaissance began in Florence, Italy because Cosimo de’ Medici, a rich banker, wanted it to be the most beautiful city in the world (art) and he needed smart workers for his bank(education). The love of art and education was a key feature of a time we call the Renaissance, which means “rebirth.”

The Medici Family Florence, Italy, was a trading town, and banking brought even more money to the economy. The greatest bankers in Florence were the Medici family. The head of the family hired artists to decorate his palace and architects to redo the buildings. Built libraries and collected books because he needed educated workers. During the time the Medici family held power, Florence became the center for Italian art, literature, and culture.

Section 2 Chapter 11 Describe how rediscovering learning and art from ancient Greece and Rome led to humanism, which combined intellectual learning and religious faith. Explain achievements made in literature, art, science, mathematics, and other fields by various people.

The Italian Renaissance Sect. 2 7.8.1 7.8.5 The Big Idea New ways of thinking created a rebirth of the arts and learning in Italy. Main Ideas During the Italian Renaissance, people found new ways to see the world. Italians writers contributed great works of literature. Italian art and artists were among the finest in the world. Science and education made advances during this time.

Main Idea 1: During the Italian Renaissance, people found new ways to see the world. Scholars began to study humanities ,history, literature, public speaking, and art. This led to the thinking and learning known as humanism due to a new interest in ancient history. When the Turks conquered much of the Byzantine Empire, scholars fled to Europe and took great works of literature with them. Many of the works were thought to be ancient classical writings, works by Greek or Roman thinkers. Italian scholars wanted to revive subjects that the Greeks and Romans had studied. Other sources of inspiration were Roman ruins and fine classical statues.

Main Idea 2: Italian writers contributed great works of literature. Writers such as Dante Alighieri and Niccolo Machiavelli contributed greatly to the Renaissance. Dante’s major work was The Divine Comedy. Dante wrote it in Italian, which was the vernacular, the common language of the people. Described an imaginary journey through the afterlife Described many of the problems Dante saw in Italian society Machiavelli wrote The Prince. He was also a politician, and his book told leaders how to rule. Told politicians to focus on the “here and now,” not on theories

Main Idea 3: Italian art and artists were among the finest in the world. Italian artists had the support of very wealthy families. New techniques, like perspective, made their work come alive. Perspective is a method of showing a three-dimensional scene on a flat surface so that it looks real. People in background are smaller Lines appear diagonal Use color to show distance Sandro Botticelli from Florence. He painted everything in fine detail. Titian, the finest artist of Venice, reflected his interest in the past by painting scenes from classical myths. Michelangelo was one of the great Italian artists. Painted portraits but also designed buildings, wrote poetry, and painted murals in the Vatican. Leonardo da Vinci was the true genius. He was a great painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and engineer.

Main Idea 4: Science and education made advances during this time. Many of the texts rediscovered in the 1300s dealt with science. For the first time in centuries, Europeans could read works by ancient scientists and make their own scientific advances. Mathematics was believed to be the key to unlocking the universe. Square roots and integers (- +) Engineers and architects used math to design new buildings. Dome Astronomy was studied to learn more about the sun and stars. Learned that the Earth moves around the Sun Cartography…new maps for sailors

The Spread of Renaissance Ideas New subjects are studied because of this new interest in all of these subjects. Education and new ways of spreading information would take the Renaissance far beyond Italy.

Section 3 Chapter 11 Means: Describe how paper manufacturing and the printing press helped to spread information and ideas. Means: Explain achievements made in literature, art, science, mathematics, and so forth by various people.

The Renaissance Beyond Italy Sect. 3 7.8.4 7.8.5 The Big Idea The Renaissance spread far beyond Italy and changed in the process. Main Ideas Paper, printing, and new universities led to the spread of new ideas. The ideas of the Northern Renaissance differed from those of the Italian Renaissance. Literature beyond Italy also thrived in the Renaissance.

Main Idea 1: Paper, printing and new universities led to the spread of new ideas. The greatest method of communication was printing. The invention of the printing press meant that books could be made faster than ever before. Johann Gutenberg, a German, developed a printing press with movable type. The first printed book was a Bible. Books could be copied faster now. Increases literacy. Travelers spread the ideas of the Renaissance Students from around Europe traveled to Italy to study at the universities. New universities began to open in France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Women from noble families were often educated at home. They then married nobles from around Europe and spread the Renaissance ideas to their husbands’ lands.

Main Idea 2: The ideas of the Northern Renaissance differed from those of the Italian Renaissance. Unlike Italy, northern scholars focused on the history of Christianity. The resulting combination of humanist and religious ideas is called Christian humanism. Desiderius Erasmus wrote a book The Praise of Folly. He criticized the corrupt clergy and said that some rituals were meaningless and didn’t show devotion to God and His teachings.

Artists of the Northern Renaissance Northern artists painted in a realistic style and painted primarily scenes of daily life. Albrecht Dürer was an artist from Germany who was most famous for his prints. A print is a work of art reproduced from an original. He carved an image into a metal sheet or wooden block, covered it in ink, and pressed a sheet of paper down on it to transfer the image to the paper. Hans Holbein and Jan van Eyck were famous for their painting of portraits. Van Eyck worked in oil paints, a new invention.

Main Idea 3: Literature beyond Italy also thrived in the Renaissance. Writers in other countries besides Italy also included Renaissance ideas. However, these writers wrote in their own languages. Miguel de Cervantes was a Spanish writer who wrote Don Quixote in his own language.(vernacular) William Shakespeare also wrote in his own language, English. He wrote plays and poetry and is considered the greatest writer in the English language. The works of both men have been translated into many languages and read all over the world.