1.  Why did the 100 Years War mark the end of the Middle Ages?

2.  Renaissance- The “rebirth” of learning that took place after the Middle Ages  Humanism- Focused on human potential and achievements  Secular- “Worldly” and concerned with the here and now  Printing Press- Invented by Johann Gutenberg, it allowed for the mass production of books and printed material

3. LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IDEAL PERSON:

4.  EQ: HOW DID THE RENAISSANCE CHANGE PEOPLES VALUES FROM THE MIDDLE AGES?

6.  When did it begin?  1300-1600  What period preceded the Renaissance?  The Middle Ages  What’s the literal meaning of the Renaissance and what does it refer to?  “Rebirth”, and it refers to the rebirth of art and learning

7.  Where did the Renaissance begin?  Northern Italy  Why did the Renaissance not move north right away?  The 100 Years War was ongoing until 1453

8.  Why was Italy and ideal place to start the Renaissance? 1. Thriving cities  Trade grew because of the Crusades and the need for large cities was very prevalent  New ideas were being exchanged in the city which leads to an “intellectual revolution”  Although the plague devastated many cities, the people who remained alive began to make more money and business opportunity was much better now

9. 2. Rich Merchant Class  Merchants didn’t inherit social rank, they had to earn it  Many merchants felt they deserved the power and wealth they created  “Individual achievement” became a very important part of the Renaissance. Why?  Medici family was very powerful in Florence! Cosimo was almost a dictator

10. 3. Classical Rome and Greek Heritage  Wanted to return this area to the “history and success” of Ancient Greece and Rome

11.  How did Ancient Rome and Greece positively affect the developing Renaissance?  That time there was a focus on education, art, and architecture…this ideal spread the Renaissance.

12.  What is Humanism?  Focused on human potential and achievements (influenced artists and architects to carry on classical traditions)  What was the basic spirit of Renaissance society?  Secular (meaning “worldly” and concerned with the here and now)  Living in big mansions, throwing large banquets, and wearing expensive clothing.

13.  How else did the Church and others support the Renaissance?  Artistically, they became “Patrons” or supporters of the arts  Merchants eventually also became big supporters as well!

14.  A man who excelled in a variety of fields  Leonardo da Vinci  A painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist  Painted the “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”.  Michelangelo  Excelled as a painter, sculptor, architect and poet  Achievements include: the dome of St. Peter’s, painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and statue of David

16.  EQ: HOW DID THE RENAISSANCE CHANGE PEOPLES VALUES FROM THE MIDDLE AGES?

17.  Italy  Made up of city-states and many sizable towns  England and France  Strong governments and rulers who became patrons of the arts  Had their own traditions and character  France and English artists were more interested in religious ideas

18.  Albert Durer  German artist  Portrayed mostly religious subjects  Jan Van Eyck  Flemish painter  Used oil-based paints  Used realistic detail

19.  Peter Bruegal  Painted in realistic detail and individual people  Used rich colors, vivid details and balanced space

20.  Thomas More  Christian Humanist  Wrote “Utopia”  About the ideal place where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out  Christine de Pizan  Wrote about the different treatment of boys and girls, particularly in education

21.  When Queen Elizabeth I reigned  1558-1603  Huge patron of arts  William Shakespeare  Most famous writer of Elizabethan Age  Playwright who examined human flaws

22.  Invented by:  Johann Gutenberg in 1440  What was the first thing that he produced on the printing press  Gutenberg Bible in 1455 (first full sized book printed with movable type)

23.  How did the printing press affect European society?  Very positively  More copies for everyone by 1500  Over 250 cities had printing press  People were learning to read because books were so accessible

24.  How could the arrival of the printing press lead to religious reform?  More people could read and interpret the bible. They became more critical of the Church and its teachings

25.  How did the printing press affect European society?  Very positively  More copies for everyone by 1500  Over 250 cities had printing press  People were learning to read because books were so accessible

26.  Why do you think the Renaissance is known as a rebirth?  How did the Printing Press effect the people of Europe?  What is and who are patrons of the arts?  What role did Merchants play in the development of Humanism?