Carbon Chemistry

Carbon: a.) has 4 outer electrons so it can combine with up to four other elements. b.) makes very strong bonds with other carbon atoms c.) makes long chains of carbon. CCCCCC

d.) carbon can make ring structures or circular molecules CCCCCC GLUCOSE: the –ose tells you it is a sugar

Carbon Chemistry e.) makes branched chains CCCCCCCCCCCCC

BONDING IN CARBON ATOMS a)Carbon forms single, double or triple bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements CCCCCC

Carbon Chemistry Forms of Pure Carbon Diamonds: a crystal form of carbon

Carbon Chemistry Forms of Pure Carbon Graphite: layers of carbon bonded together

Carbon Chemistry Forms of Pure Carbon Other Structure: tubes, balls, cylinders etc. Nanotube-used to make electrical circuits Fullerene-used to carry drugs throughout the body

Carbon Chemistry Carbon Compounds Any substance where the CARBON atom is the main atom is called an organic compound. Many organic compounds have similar properties like LOW boiling points, LOW melting points, odor, no electrical conductivity, etc. Most organic compounds are liquids or gasses at room temperature.

The most important of all organic molecules are called POLYMERS Polymers are long chains of molecules made of smaller units called monomers. Example: DNA, protein, starch and wood (cellulose)

Carbon Chemistry Types of Carbon Compounds HYDROCARBONS: compounds made of HYDROGEN AND CARBON a.) very flammable b.) formed from straight chains, branched chains and rings c.) molecules are represented by a structural formulas

ISOMERS Carbon compounds with the same chemical formula but with a different structural formulas

Carbon Chemistry ISOMERS Carbon compounds with the same chemical formula but with a different structural formulas

Carbon Chemistry SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBONS: any carbon compound where some of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by other elements or groups. H H

Types of Substituted Hydrocarbons Alcohols: when an –OH group is attached to a carbon chain Organic Acids: when a –COOH group is attached to a carbon chain (vinegar is an organic acid) Esters: often are carbon rings attached to a carbon chain which give the molecules a smell

Small molecules in the body include things like water, sugar, salts, amino acids, nucleic acids H 2 OC 6 H 12 O 6 NaCl DNA is made of 4 bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine A-T C-G