1. Carbon Chemistry - Properties of Carbon Carbon Atoms and Bonding Carbon atoms and the bonds between them can be modeled in several ways.

2. Carbon Chemistry - Properties of Carbon Carbon Atoms and Bonding Few elements have the ability of carbon to bond with both itself and other elements in so many different ways. With four valence electrons, each carbon atom is able to form four bonds. Carbon atoms can form straight chains, branched chains, and rings.

3. Carbon Chemistry - Properties of Carbon Forms of Pure Carbon Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes are four forms of the element carbon.

4. Carbon Chemistry What You Know What You Learned Using Prior Knowledge Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then, write what you know about carbon in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, continue to write what you learn. 1.Carbon atoms have six electrons. 2.Diamond is one form of carbon. 1.Carbon has four valence electrons and is able to form four bonds. 2.Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes are four forms of pure carbon. - Properties of Carbon

5. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Carbon Everywhere Carbon is a part of your daily life. Even during a simple shopping trip, you’ll likely encounter many carbon compounds.

6. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Organic Compounds With some exceptions, compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds. These three lists represent only a few examples of organic compounds.

7. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

8. Carbon Chemistry Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons The graph shows the boiling points of several hydrocarbons. (Note: Some points on the y-axis are negative.) Use the graph to answer the following questions. - Carbon Compounds

9. Carbon Chemistry Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons Almost in the center of the y- axis Reading Graphs: Where is 0ºC on the graph? - Carbon Compounds

10. Carbon Chemistry Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons C 3 H 8 : about –44ºC; C 5 H 12 : about 34ºC; C 6 H 14 : about 68ºC Interpreting Data: What is the approximate boiling point of C 3 H 8 ? C 5 H 12 ? C 6 H 14 ? - Carbon Compounds

11. Carbon Chemistry Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons About 78ºC Calculating: What is the temperature difference between the boiling points of C 3 H 8 and C 5 H 12 ? - Carbon Compounds

12. Carbon Chemistry Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8, and C 4 H 10 are gases because their boiling points are below room temperature (about 22ºC). C 5 H 12 and C 6 H 14 may be liquid or solid because hydrocarbons with boiling points higher than 23ºC are not gases at room temperature. Drawing Conclusions: At room temperature (about 22ºC), which of the hydrocarbons are solids? Liquids? Gases? How can you tell? - Carbon Compounds

13. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties.

14. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond.

15. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Substituted Hydrocarbons A hydroxyl group (–OH) is made of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom. An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one more more hydroxyl groups.

16. Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds Substituted Hydrocarbons An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups. A carboxyl group is written as –COOH.

17. Carbon Chemistry Hydrocarbons Click the Video button to watch a movie about hydrocarbons. - Carbon Compounds

18. Carbon Chemistry Bonding Click the Video button to watch a movie about bonding. - Carbon Compounds

19. Carbon Chemistry - Life With Carbon Carbohydrates A carbohydrate is an energy- rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. One of the most important sugars in the body is the monomer glucose.

20. Carbon Chemistry - Life With Carbon Proteins Different proteins are made when different sequences of amino acids are linked into long chains. Alanine and serine are two of the 20 amino acids, all of which have a similar structure. Each amino acid has a carboxyl group (–COOH) and an amino group (–NH 2 ).

21. Carbon Chemistry - Life With Carbon The Molecules of Life Complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all large organic molecules. They are built of smaller molecules linked in different patterns.

22. Carbon Chemistry QuestionAnswer Asking Questions Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a what question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. What is a carbohydrate? A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. What are proteins? Proteins are polymers formed from amino acid monomers. What are lipids? Lipids are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. What are nucleic acids? Nucleic acids are very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. What are other compounds in foods? Other compounds in foods include vitamins, minerals, and water. - Life With Carbon

23. Carbon Chemistry Graphic Organizer Build and repair body parts Made from amino acids Made from nucleotides Organic molecules Determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins Proteins Nucleic Acids Comparing and Contrasting Proteins and Nucleic Acids