1. Chapter 11 Preview Section 1 Elements in Living Things
The Chemistry of Living Things
Preview
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Concept Map

2. Chapter 11 Bellringer Make a list of materials that contain carbon.
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
Bellringer
Make a list of materials that contain carbon.
Write your list in your Science Journal.

3. Chapter 11 What You Will Learn
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
What You Will Learn
Carbon is a unique element because it can form long chains as well as bond with other elements.
Living organisms are made of molecules that consist largely of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

4. The Bonding of Carbon Atoms
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
The Bonding of Carbon Atoms
Carbon has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms because it can form long chains with other carbon atoms and because it can bond with atoms of other elements to form many different compounds.
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons. So, each carbon atom can make a total of four bonds.

5. The Bonding of Carbon Atoms, continued
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
The Bonding of Carbon Atoms, continued
Carbon-based molecules can come in many different shapes, or backbones.
Three kinds of carbon backbones are the straight chain, the branched chain, and the ring.

6. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things

7. The Bonding of Carbon Atoms, continued
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
The Bonding of Carbon Atoms, continued
A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon is called an organic compound.
Atoms of carbon most often form four separate single bonds with other atoms.

8. The Bonding of Carbon Atoms, continued
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
The Bonding of Carbon Atoms, continued
A single bond is a covalent bond made up of one pair of shared electrons.
Carbon atoms can also form two covalent bonds, called a double bond, and three bonds, called a triple bond.

9. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things
Organic Compound

10. Other Elements in Living Organisms
Section 1 Elements in Living Things
Chapter 11
Other Elements in Living Organisms
Living organisms are made of compounds that are composed mostly of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Today, many kinds of organic compounds are manufactured, such as vitamins, hormones, and other supplements.

11. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things

12. Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Bellringer
Make a list of foods that contain carbohydrates. Then, use your list to describe what carbohydrates are made of.
Write your responses in your Science Journal.

13. Chapter 11 What You Will Learn
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
What You Will Learn
Living organisms depend on large compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Living organisms depend on many smaller compounds such as water and salt.

14. Chapter 11 Carbohydrates
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Carbohydrates
Biochemicals are large organic compounds that living things make and use.
Biochemicals that are composed of sugar molecules bonded together are called carbohydrates.

15. Carbohydrates, continued
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Carbohydrates, continued
A complex carbohydrate can be a long-chain polymer. A polymer is a chain of repeating units.
Complex carbohydrates may be made up of a chain of thousands of simple sugars.
Living things use carbohydrates mostly as a source of energy.

16. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things

17. Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Lipids
Lipids are biochemicals that do not dissolve in water. Fats, oils, and waxes are lipids.
Lipids usually have very long chains of carbon atoms.
Lipids store energy and make up cell membranes.

18. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things
Types of Lipids

19. Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Proteins
Proteins are biochemicals that are made of much smaller molecules called amino acids. Most proteins are made of very long chains of amino acids.
There are 20 different amino acids that can combine in any order to form proteins in living things.

20. Chapter 11 Proteins, continued
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Proteins, continued
Protein is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.
Hemoglobin is an important protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen to all of the cells of the body.

21. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things
Proteins

22. Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Nucleic Acids
The largest molecules made by living organisms are nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are biochemicals made up of nucleotides.
Nucleic acids are sometimes called the blueprints of life because they carry all of the information needed for a cell to make all of its proteins.

23. Nucleic Acids, continued
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Nucleic Acids, continued
There are two kinds of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
DNA is the genetic material of a cell.
The four kinds of nucleotides found in DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.

24. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things

25. Other Important Compounds
Section 2 Compounds of Living Things
Chapter 11
Other Important Compounds
No living thing on Earth can survive without water. Water regulates temperature, helps transport substances, and provides lubrication.
Salt plays an important role in nerve cells by helping conduct signals throughout the body.

26. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
organic compounds
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

27. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things
Concept Map

28. Chapter 11
The Chemistry of Living Things
Concept Map