PASSIVE VOICE

Active – The boy hits the piñata Subject Direct Object

Passive – the piñata is hit by the boy Agent Subject

Active – The groom kissed the bride. Subject Direct Object

Pass– The bride is kissed by the groom. Agent Subject

Active – the boy carries the books Puer libros portat Direct Object

Pass – the books are carried by the boy Libri a puero portatur Subject

The boy climbed the tree. Puer arborem ascendebat

The tree was climbed by the boy. Arbor a puero ascendebatur

Active  Passive Active Accusative Direct object  Nominative Subject  Passive Nominative Subject Ablative of Agent

Passive  Active Passive Nominative Subject  Ablative of Agent  Active Accusative Direct Object Nominative Subject

ABLATIVE OF AGENT 3 “P”s – Passive Verb – Preposition “a” or “ab” – Person Otherwise Ablative of means or instrument – No preposition – No person

Passive endings for present, imperfect, and future r mur ris mini tur ntur Use in place of : o mus s tis t nt

Present Tense Active Amo – I love, I am loving, I do love Amas – you love, you are loving, you do love Amat – he/she/it loves, is loving, does love Passive Amor – I am loved, I am being loved Amaris – you are loved, you are being loved Amatur – he/she/it is loved, he/she/it is being loved

Imperfect Active Amabam – I loved, I was loving, I did love Amabas – you loved, you were loving, you did love Amabat – he/she/it loved, was loving, did love Passive Ambar – I was loved, I was being loved Amabaris – you were loved, you were being loved Amabatur – he/she/it was loved, he/she/it was being loved

1 st conjugation future Active Amabo – I will love, I will be loving Amabis – you will love, you will be loving Amabit – he/she/it will love, he/she/it will be loving Passive Ambor – I will be loved ______ Amaberis – you will be loved Amabitur – he/she/it will be loved

3 rd conjugation future Active Ducam – I will lead, I will be leading Duces – you will lead, you will be leading Ducet – he/she/it will lead, he/she/it will be leading Passive Ducar – I will be led _______ Duceris – you will be led ___ Ducetur – he/she/it will be led

Passive for perfect, pluperfect, future perfect Perfect – 4 th principal part + sum sumus es estis est sunt Pluperfect – 4 th principal part + eram eramus eras eratis erat erant

Passive for perfect, pluperfect, future perfect Future Perfect – 4 th principal part + ero erimus eris eritis erit erint SO – Perfect Passive = 4 th principal part + present esse – Pluperfect Pass = 4 th principal part + imperfect esse – Future Perfect Pass = 4 th principal part + future esse

Perfect Tense Active – 3 rd PRINCIPAL PART Amavi – I have loved, I loved, I did love Amavisti – you have loved, you loved, you did love Amavit – he/she/it has loved, he/she/it loved, he/she/it did love Passive – 4 th PRINCIPAL PART Amatus Sum – I have been loved Amatus Es – you have been loved Amatus Est – he has been loved

Pluperfect Tense Active – 3 rd PRINCIPAL PART Amaveram – I had loved __ Amaveras– you had loved ___ Amaverat – he/she/it had loved Passive – 4 th PRINCIPAL PART Amatus Eram – I had been loved Amatus Eras – you had been loved Amatus Erat – he had been loved

Future Perfect Tense Active – 3 rd PRINCIPAL PART Amavero – I will have loved -- Amaveris – you will have loved Amaverit – he/she/it will have loved Passive – 4 th PRINCIPAL PART Amatus Ero – I will have been loved Amatus Eris – you will have been loved Amatus Erit – he will have been loved