Review

Virginia Private ventures – joint stock company Proprietary colonies John Smith firm leadership John Rolfe tobacco House of Burgesses Headright system Dispersed settlement

Maryland Theoretically Catholic Conflict with Virginia Protestant indent servs revolt Act of Toleration (1649) Tobacco

Carolinas To feed Caribbean sugar plantations, collect rent To become like Barbados rice

Georgia Charity (James Oglethorpe) Buffer Changes away from careful plan Rice

Massachusetts Mayflower Compact – demo Pilgrims separatist Puritans Mainstream Puritans want reform Great Migration 1630s Calvinism strict “City upon a hill” example, don’t fail, no privacy, community is body of Christ, covenant

Rhode Island Rogue’s Island Separation of Ch & St Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson

Miscellaneous New England Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of CN Congregational Church (= Puritans), town meetings Voting, education, close-knit New England Confederation (self- reliance, unity) King Philip’s War (same year as Bacon’s) Dominion of New England (king exerts power over troublesome colonies, church loses voting monopoly) Healthy families crucial to community

Middle Colonies New York was New Amsterdam Holy Experiment, City of Brotherly Love in Pennsylvania Breadbasket Urban centers, trade

Unrest Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 Leisler’s Rebellion 1689 New York slave rebellion 1712 Great Awakening – Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield challenge church leadership Independent-minded colonists “Power of the purse” Insistence on rights as Englishmen John Peter Zenger Stono Rebellion 1739 Paxton Boys 1764

Slavery Fluid in 1600s – easier to gain freedom and to gain limited rights Accelerates after Bac’s Reb and collapse of Royal African Company’s monopoly Dominates S Carol, helps to differ from N Carol Urban slavery diff from plantation slav Prevalent in northern colonies too Increasingly difficult to escape servitude, to gain equality once free; become helpless against all whites, not just masters Slavery profitable for everyone except slave

Misc society Elite want to be English Social classes blurred English language, law, mercantilist economic framework (Navigation Acts, ) Grandparents in New England Women have limited economic freedom Churches, institutions slow to frontier Becoming American

Misc society Big families Rural Better diet than Europe

French-and-Indian War Land dispute in Ohio River Valley Started in America, not in Europe Albany Plan Treaty of Paris Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 – sensible, but unrealistic

F&I War Exposes conflicts between Mother and Children Colonists are proud of role played and of being part of Brit Emp Indians at mercy of colonists Colonists no longer need Mommy’s apron Imperial debt Post-war recession in colonies

Makes sense, but unrealistic

Brit actions and colonial reactions Writs of assistance Admiralty courts Increase enforcement Sugar Act Currency Act Virtual representation Stamp Act

continued Virginia Resolves Sons of Liberty Non-importation Declaratory Act Townshend Acts The Association Gaspee Committees of correspondence

And more Tea Act – grant monopoly Coercive Acts Quebec Act Galloway Plan Olive Branch Petition Common Sense James Otis, Patrick Henry Throughout, tension between colonial classes

Revolution Saratoga Yorktown Washington’s strategy of survival and legitimacy Whig ideology Republicanism Canada 14 th colony?

Revolution effects Disestablishment Slavery weakened during war (recruit, run away) Gradual emancipation in North, slavery retrenched in South Society unbalanced by emigration of many conservatives Significantly weakened executive power, strengthened lower houses (commons)

effects Capitals move west Voting rights advanced Conway cabal Commoners rise through military ranks Power of Decl of Indep Subordination of women at least debated Republican motherhood

More effects! More education for women Articles of Confederation Depressed economy Debts, discredited currency Shut out of Brit Emp Ruined fields and property