1. Northern Colonies
In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization
Puritan separatists leave Holland and land in Plymouth, 1620,
Mayflower Compact- moderate self govt.
Myles Standish is their leader.
Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691
Original co-existence w/ N.Am. > Tension
Expansion > conflict with Pequot Nation, exterminated.
Metacom, aka King Philip’s War, 1675, last N.Am. Resist. In Puritan colonies

2. Massachusetts Bay Colony
1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans
2/3 of males (churched only) enfranchised
John Cotton and other ministers influ.
Separation of Church and State
Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638
Begins Am. trad. of Freedom of Conscience
Roger Williams founds RI – religious tolerance

3. The Dutch Trade, esp. with Native Americans
New Netherland Founded in 1613
New Amsterdam founded 1623
Patroonship system
Captured by Duke of York 1664 (now NYC)

4. Middle Colonies PA founded by William Penn in 1681
Quakers- Society of Friends
Good PR
Good Relations with N. Americans
Tolerant and Democratic society
NJ sold to Quakers by Puritans, made a Royal Colony in 1702
Farming, Industry, Multi-ethnic
Ben Franklin

5. Maryland Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore
Haven for Catholics in Prot. England
Jesuits part of first colony in St. Mary’s City, said first mass in English Colonies
Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom
Mixed success for Catholics, becomes Protestant majority and later Royal Colony
“Brown Gold”

6. West Indies Sugar is King – cash crop Slaves needed to supply labor
Plantation system
Staging area for slaves for Southern US
Barbados Slave Code of 1661
Part of Triangular Trade
Sugar > Molasses > Rum > Slaves > Sugar >

7. MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES
In Southern Colonies, development of Plantations leads to slavery
“Brown Gold” – tobacco is king in VA
Independence of Virginia House of Burgesses ends when James I makes it a royal colony
Indentured Servants used at first for labor
Headright system
40% fatality rate
Problem: no property/rebel/disenfranchised
Shift to slaves as labor source

8. Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe, 1733
Philanthropist, pauper’s colony
Buffer state with Spanish FL
Melting pot of ethnicities

9. Carolinas Founded after Restoration of Charles II 1670
Economy based on Indian Slave Trade
Rice Plantations
Slaves imported b/c of malaria resistance
Port of Charles Town founded
Later N. Carolina formed in reaction to elites in VA and SC

11. COMPARE/CONTRAST NORTHERN MIDDLE SOUTHERN Puritan Religious Comm.
Farm & Industry
Small Farms
Slow, but Growing Conflict w/Indians
Good Climate
Quaker
Rel. Freedom
Farms
Democratic
Tolerant
Good Rel.w/Indian
Malaria in Chesap.
Catholic/Misc.
Economic
Cash Crops
Plantations
Slavery
Buffer State
Punitive Wars
Malarial