Sovereignty, Authority, & Power BY: GRANT LANGFORD, RYAN JOHNSTON, & TAYLOR ZITO

Political Structure, Communication, & Socialization  Political Structure refers to institutions or groups and their relations to each other, their patterns of interaction within political systems and to political regulations.  Communication refers to policy-making and guidance for consistent information activity within an organization and between organizations.  Socialization the establishment of socialist government; the nationalization of industry and other national resources.

Nation & States  Nation is a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. Ex: Kurds.  State is an organized political community under one government. Ex: Libya.  Nation-State is a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. Ex: Japan

Supranational Governance  Def.- outside or beyond the authority of one national government, as a project or policy that is planned and controlled by a group of nations.  Ex: European Union

Sources of Power  Sources of power are the roots of political power.  These sources include: human resources, skills and knowledge, authority, material resources, and intangible factors.

Constitutions  A system of beliefs and rules by which a state, country, or organization is organized.  The purposes of a constitution are to establish an organized population, promote general warfare, and secure life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.  The people of Great Britain all follow a constitution, but they do not actually have one in writing.

Regime Types  Regime is an authoritarian government.  The five regime types are a monarchy, dictatorship, aristocracy, oligarchy, and a democracy.  In a monarchy, one person or group holds the power. Example: Saudi Arabia.  In a dictatorship, one person holds supreme power. Example: Nazi Germany.  An aristocracy is a small ruling class. Example: Ancient Sparta.  In an oligarchy, there is a small group of wealthy individuals that control the government. Example: Renaissance Venice.  In a democracy, the people have the power. Example: United States of America.

Types of Economic Systems  Traditional Economy- each new generation will take on the economic position of its elders. A modern day example of a traditional economy is Papua New Guinea.  Market Economy- instead of exploiting control of industry and production, this economy is based on consumers and their decisions on buying and selling products. The United States has a market economy.  Command Economy- the government controls all of the economic activity. China has a command economy.  Mixed Economy- this economy combines command and market ideas into one system.

State Building, Legitimacy, & Stability  State building describes the structure of that is functioning. An example would be Libya and Egypt. They are in a process now of figuring out a new government, and how to make it function properly.  Legitimacy in the acceptance of an authority. Libya and Egypt are currently trying to decide on an authority and are holding elections for a new leader.  In order to keep them stable, they are going to have to pull back their military.

Belief Systems as Sources of Legitimacy: Religion  Religion is the belief in a controlling power, usually a God or Gods. This is a source of legitimacy because the person who is trying to run for authority can use his religion to advance himself in the election.  Ex: Iran’s government is based mostly on religion.

Belief Systems as Sources of Legitimacy: Ideology  Ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.  Examples would include a democracy, communism, and liberalism. These ideals are what leader base their countries and what make it legitimate.

Governance and Accountability  Governance is an exercise of authority.  Ex: U.S.; Congress makes the laws, Supreme Court interprets the laws, and the president enforces the laws.  Accountability is the condition of being responsible or liable. This relates to authority and power because in order to be a leader you need the belief and trust from your citizens.