1. FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 1
FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

2. LESSON 1: Purposes and Origins of Government
Essential Question:
What are the purposes of government?
Content Vocabulary:
anarchy, government, nation, state, country, sovereignty, divine right, social contract

3. Functions of Government
Anarchy is a state without government and laws
Government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control.
1) Providing Leadership
2) Maintaining Order
3) Providing Public Services
4) Providing National Security
5) Providing Economic Security and Economic Assistance

4. Political Cartoon
In January 2011, the Department of Homeland Security changed its early warning system for potential terrorist threats.
Why do you think the Department of Homeland Security replaced the color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) with the newer, “black-and-white” system? Why do you prefer? Why?

5. Nation, State, and Country
Sizeable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion.
Example: Kurds in Iraq (do not have their own country)
State – from Greek philosopher Aristotle
A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government (also a country)
Example: The United States of America
Sovereignty
Supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

6. Essential Features of a State

7. Origins of the State Social Contract Theory Evolutionary Theory
State evolved from family (Ex. Abraham as patriarch)
Force Theory
Use of violence or threat of violence to gain control
Divine Right Theory
Chosen by a god or gods to rule (Ex. Monarchs
Social Contract Theory
States exist to protect and to serve its people
“state of nature”
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Natural rights
Social Contract made between people and their government to preserve their rights

8. LESSON 2: Types of Government
Essential Question:
What principles guide different types of government?
Content Vocabulary:
Unitary system, confederacy, federal system, constitution, constitutional government, authoritarian, totalitarian, dictatorship, oligarchy, monarchy, democracy, republic

9. Systems of Governments
UNITARY SYSTEM
Gives all key powers to the central government
Examples: Japan, France, and Bolivia
CONFEDERATE SYSTEM
A loose union of independent and sovereign states
Example: early United States; Confederate States of America during Civil War

10. Systems of Governments
FEDERAL SYSTEM
Divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government.
Advantage: How it shares power among different levels while still having more centralized power
Disadvantage: Each level of government can make its own laws
The United States has Federal System!!!!

12. Constitutional Governments
A constitution is a plan that provides the rules for government.
Sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share
Establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties
Provides the supreme law for the country
May be written or unwritten
United States has the oldest written constitution (1787)

13. Constitutional Government
A government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern.
LIMITED Governments

14. Major Types of Government
Governments may be classified according to who governs the state
In an autocracy, such as a dictatorship or absolute monarchy, power and authority reside in a single individual.
In an oligarchy, such as a communist country, a small group holds power in the government.
In a democracy, such as the United States, the people hold the sovereign power of government.

16. Principals of Democracy
Citizen Participation
Regular Free & Fair Elections
Accepting the Results of Elections
The Rule of Law
Majority Rule with Minority Rights
Accountability
Transparency
Limited Government and Bill of Rights
Control of the Abuse of Power
Economic Freedom
Equality
Individual or Human Rights
Independent Judiciary
Competing Political Parties

17. LESSON 3: The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Essential Question:
What is the role of government in different types of economic systems?
Content Vocabulary:
Economics, capitalism, free market, free enterprise, laissez-faire, mixed economy, socialism, democratic socialist, command economy, bourgeoisie, proletariat, communism

18. Fundamentals of Economics
Economics is the study of how people and nations use their limited resources to attempt to satisfy wants and needs.
In every society, governments guide economies.
Factors of Production:
Producers, Distributors, Consumers, Labor, Resources, Capital, Entrepreneurs

19. Capitalism
An economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the factors of production, freedom of choice, and individual incentives.
The goal is to create a free market
In a free market, or free enterprise, government places no limits on the freedom of buyers and sellers to make their economic decisions