French & Indian War French vs. English

French Possessions In North America

English Possessions In North America

British in North America French in North America Native Americans were caught in the middle. They lost a lot of land to the Europeans who were migrating into North America

The Ohio River Valley was ready to explode! British in North America French in North America The Ohio River Valley was ready to explode! Why?

Causes: French and Indian War 1. Fur Trade 2. Land 3. Indian Relations B. 2. Land 3. Indian Relations

The Fur Trade Very important to the French. Made a lot of money selling Beaver fur 1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats, they were the fashion in Europe. This is one of the causes of the French and Indian War.

Beaver Fur Beaver Trap

Land Another cause of the French and Indian War. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley to farm. This became the colony of New York This area was very important to the French fur trade and hurt the French economically French gov’t built forts to stop English taking the land. English government built forts and started to grant land to its citizens.

Indian Relations French had good relationships with Indians. English didn’t. They wanted to take their land for farming. Most French colonists were fur traders and trappers. French only wanted the fur. They didn’t stay on the land. They lived among the Indians and adopted their ways. They learned to make canoes, trap animals, make snow shoes, etc.. They learned Native American languages. They took Indian brides. Had bi-racial children

British in North America French in North America The English attacked the French fort, Fort Duquesne. The attack was a disaster for the British but it was the beginning of the French and Indian War. British in North America French in North America

British in North America French in North America The French and Indian War was fought on two continents (North America and Europe) In the Colonies it was called French & Indian War. In Europe it was called The Seven Years War British in North America French in North America

War In America, they fought over control of the entire Western frontier including the Ohio River Valley. In Europe, France and England began to fight in what was called the Seven Years War.

Advantages of Each Side B. C. D. 1. British/American Advantages: 2. French Advantages: A. B.

Advantages of Each Side British/American Advantages Larger Population 1,485,000 Militias (Poorly organized and equipped but…) They were ready at a moment’s notice. Had been fighting the Indians for over a 100 years. Self-supporting Produced enough food and supplies. Britain controlled the seas. French Advantages Didn’t have self-government in French colonies. Didn’t have to “convince” colonists to help Towns were close together and easier to defend

Disadvantages of Each Side French and Indian War Disadvantages of Each Side A. 1. British/American Disadvantages: A. B. C. 2. French Disadvantages:

Disadvantages of Each Side British/American Colonies Had to “convince” Colonists to fight for England B. Fighting an Offensive War Attacked Quebec and Montreal to try to win the war. French Colonies Smaller Population 75,000 Depended on Imports British controlled the seas. Not enough troops France sent few troops over. Defense fell to the fur trading companies and they weren’t soldiers.

Native American Involvement 1. British/American Allies: A. 2. French Allies:

Native American Involvement British/American Colonies Iroquois League Mostly neutral, but did fight occasionally. Chief of the Mohawks, Joseph Brant, became a colonel in the British army. French Colonies Huron, Algonquin, Ottawa. Longtime trading partners Didn’t trust the land grabbing white settlers.

The American Colonies and the war.

Draw Albany Plan on right C. Draw Albany Plan on right

The Albany Plan 1754-Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies met in Albany, New York. Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsylvania came to Albany with the “Albany Plan”, a loose union or compact between the colonies. He tried to get a promise from the colonies to work together and with the British. He told the Colonists that if they didn’t work together and fight the French, they would all die because the French would see them as English and kill them. The Plan failed b/c the Colonies were trying to protect their own interests over the interests of the whole group

The Albany Plan B E N F R A K L I

Results of the French and Indian War War Ends A. B. A. B. C. Results of the French and Indian War Proclamation Line of 1763 A. B.

France and Britain continued fighting in Europe for three more years War Ends (in America) France and Britain continued fighting in Europe for three more years Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763-this ended the war in America. France surrendered all land in North America to Britain

Results of French and Indian War Britain gained control over half the North American continent-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida. British decided to re-establish control of the Colonies-They set up a “line” that Colonists were not supposed to cross British government was deeply in debt Britain began fighting in 1754 with a national debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but the war effort caused the debt to soar to 133 million pounds by 1763.

The British set up the Proclamation Line of 1763 Told Colonists to not go west of the Appalachian Mountains (the “line”) This kept Colonists close to the Atlantic ports and made it easier for England to keep Colonists trading with them. It was a way to control the Colonists. Proclamation Line made Colonists really angry. They realized it was a way for England to control them. They wanted to be free to find land west of the Appalachian's

French made a lot of money selling Beaver fur. French and Indian War Causes: French made a lot of money selling Beaver fur. 1. Fur Trade English bought land in the Ohio Valley to farm. This became the colony of New York 2. Land This area was very important to the French fur trade and hurt the French economically 3. Indian Relations French had good relationships with Indians. English didn’t. French wanted the fur. They didn’t stay on the land.

Advantages of Each Side Larger Population 1. British/American Advantages: Militias Self-supporting Britain controlled the seas. Didn’t have to “convince” colonists to help 2. French Advantages: Towns were close together and easier to defend

Disadvantages of Each Side French and Indian War Disadvantages of Each Side Had to “convince” Colonists to fight for England 1. British/American Disadvantages: Smaller Population 2. French Disadvantages: B. Depended on Imports C. Not enough troops

Native American Involvement A. Iroquois League Mostly neutral 1. British/American Allies: Huron didn’t trust white settlers. 2. French Allies:

Draw Albany Plan on right Benjamin Franklin came to Albany with the “Albany Plan” Albany Plan B. He tried to get a promise from the colonies to work together and with the British. C. The Plan failed b/c the Colonies were trying to protect their own interests over the interests of the whole group Draw Albany Plan on right

Results of the French and Indian War Treaty of Paris was signed on February 10, 1763-this ended the war in America. War Ends B. France surrendered all land in North America to Britain Britain gained control over half the North American continent-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida. Results of the French and Indian War British decided to re-establish control of the Colonies-They set up a “line” that Colonists were not supposed to cross British government was deeply in debt Proclamation Line of 1763 A. Told Colonists to not go west of the Appalachian Mountains B. Proclamation Line made Colonists really angry. They realized it was a way for England to control them