Reproduction & Development How Life Goes On.

Types of Asexual Reproduction word bank Regeneration Budding Vegetative Propagation Binary Fission

Do Now 6/10 How can smoking or drinking during pregnancy impact the baby? “Test” tomorrow, 20-25 MC

The Reproductive System Reproduction is the process through which living things produce new individuals of the same kind. Life begins as a SINGLE cell. A FERTILIZED Egg Cell Fertilization The Joining of the Egg and Sperm Cells.

Genetic Makeup Chromosomes Rod like structures that contain genetic information. Humans Have 46 Chromosomes. 23 Chromosomes In Each Sex Cell (egg/sperm). Fertilized Egg Has BOTH of these cells 23+23=46 Once Fertilized The Egg Will begin Dividing

The Male Reproductive System Testes Two Oval-Shaped objects found within an external sac known as the Scrotum. Are the organs that produce sperm (male Sex Cell) Also Produce Testosterone Sperm swim through many small tubes into the Urethra and then out of the body. Internal & External Parts

Epididymis – where sperm are temporarily stored Vas deferens--tube leading to the urethra Vas deferens passes through three glands--prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper’s gland, each contribute to the fluid that nourishes sperm cells. This fluid is known as semen. Penis-structural adaptation for life on land; semen passes through the urethra and exits the body

Questions What is fertilization? How many chromosomes are in a somatic (body) cell? Sex cell? What is produced in the testes? Why is the penis considered an adaptation for life on land?

The Female Reproductive System All parts are Located INTERNALLY Ovaries Almond-Shaped Structures that Produce Egg Cells. Produces Estrogen/Progesterone Secondary sex characteristics/ egg maturation (development).******** Fallopian Tubes Connect Uterus and Ovaries Location of Fertilization

Uterus Pear-Shaped, Hollow, Muscular Organ. Early Development Takes Place Here. Endometrium Nutrient Rich lining of uterus. Location of implantation of embryo Shed monthly during menstruation.

The Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle A Monthly change that occurs in the female reproductive cycle. Lasts Approximately 28 Days. Begins at Puberty, Ends at Menopause Ovulation Egg Matures in Ovary, Matured Egg is released by Ovary into the fallopian tube

Egg will be fertilized (sperm/egg join) in the Fallopian Tube. IF no fertilization occurs: Lining of the Uterus will break down and exit the body Menstruation

Stages of Menstrual Cycle Follicle stage-FSH from the pituitary gland stimulates the follicle to begin maturing an ovum. The developing follicle produces estrogen--begins build-up of the Endometrium (10-14 days) Ovulation-release of ovum from follicle

Corpus luteum stage-initiated by LH from the pituitary-- follicle develops into a “yellow body” (corpus luteum) and produces progesterone--readies the female for becoming pregnant Menstruation-shedding of the thickened uterine lining if fertilization does not occur

What role does estrogen play? Where does development occur? What is the difference in the menstrual cycle if an egg cell becomes fertilized?

Stages of Development Zygote Fertilized Egg Divisions will occur for approximately 280 Days, or Nine Months. Before birth this progression is made: Single Cell (Zygote) Embryo Fetus. After Birth: Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood

Development Before Birth Zygote divides, cells remain close together forming a hollow ball (Blastula). At this time it is called an Embryo

Once Embryo reaches Uterus, it attaches to wall. Clear Membranes will form around the Embryo and will fill with fluid resembling a sac. This fluid filled sac is called the Amniotic Sac. Cushions, protects during development Another Membrane will form called the Placenta. Between Uterus and Embryo

Wastes pass out of the embryo via the placenta and are eliminated by the mother. The embryo is connected to the placenta by the Umbilical Cord. Umbilical Cord Contains blood vessels.

8 Weeks Later The Embryo is called a Fetus. Fetus has developed: Eyes, ears, cheeks, arms & legs.

Development After Birth Infancy: From 1 month-2 years old. Rapid increase in size. Mental and Muscular Skills Develop. Tracking, Supporting Head, Crawling, Walking, Talking, etc.

Childhood 2-13 Years of Age Mental Abilities Increase Memory Strengthens Muscular Skills Develop Language Skills Develop Progressively

Adolescence 13-19 Years Old Puberty Occurs Menstruation and Sperm Development Secondary Sex Characteristics Height/Weight Voice Body Shape

Adulthood 20+ Years Old All Body Systems are Fully Matured Aging begins After 30 Years After 65: Less efficient Heart/Lung Activity.