1. Human Body Reproductive System **Know what is in Red in the PPT**

2. Male Reproductive System
Testes - Also called gonads
2 of them
Suspended in a sac called the scrotum
Produce sperm
Located outside the body where the temperature is lower and won’t kill the sperm
Produces testosterone the male hormone
Testosterone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as deeper voice, facial hair, larger muscles, and body hair

3. Sperm leave the testes and enter the epididymis
Tightly coiled tube, 20 feet long
Located in the scrotum, just above the testes
Function
Store sperm until it matures
Produce fluid which becomes part of semen

4. Extends from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity
Vas Deferens
Function
Receives sperm from the epididymis
Temporarily stores sperm
Extends from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity
Tube that is cut during a vasectomy, the procedure to produce sterility in males

5. Urethra
Tube that extends from the bladder, through the penis, to the outside of the body
Carries semen and urine
5-7 inches long in male

6. Penis External male reproductive organ
Enlarged structure on the end of the penis – glands penis
This is covered by the foreskin
The foreskin is removed in a procedure called circumcision

7. Female Reproductive System
Ovaries - Female gonads
2 small almond-shaped glands, located in the abdominal cavity, attached to the uterus by ligaments
Contains thousands of small sacs called follicles
Each follicle contains an immature egg or ovum
Produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone
Responsible for the secondary sex characteristics – breasts, hips widen, body hair

8. Ovulation
The maturing and release of an egg
Occurs every 28 days
If egg is not fertilized, the body sheds the lining of the uterus and menstruation occurs

9. Attached to the upper part of the uterus Function
Fallopian Tubes
2 of them
5 inches in length
Attached to the upper part of the uterus
Function
Move the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Cilia and peristalsis keep the ovum moving
Site of fertilization, the union of the egg and sperm

10. Uterus Hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ Function
Organ of menstruation
Allows for the development and growth of the fetus
Contracts during birth to aid in the expulsion of the fetus
Layers
- endometrial
- If fertilization does not occur, this lining deteriorate, resulting in menstruation

11. Muscular tube that connects the cervix to the outside of the body
Vagina
Muscular tube that connects the cervix to the outside of the body
Function
Passageway for menstrual flow
Receives sperm and semen from the male
Female organ of copulation
Birth canal during delivery of the infant

12. Conception Sperm live 5-7 days (need cervical mucus)
After ejaculation into the vagina, sperm swim to meet an egg
Sperm live 5-7 days (need cervical mucus)
Eggs live about hours, so conception only occurs during this short window
Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube

13. Cleavage
Cleavage occurs over several days following fertilization. The zygote divides as it travels through the oviduct(day 1-4). By the time the cilia of the oviduct deliver the embryo to the uterus, the embryo is a ball of cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium.

14. Nutrient Exchange
Nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the fetus and the mother within the placenta. The umbilical vein (red) carries oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the fetus. The umbilical arteries are blue, indicating that they carry oxygen-depleted blood and waste products away from the fetus.

15. Stages of Life at 5 weeks (Embryo), 14 and 20 weeks (fetus)

16. Growth and Development
Zygote – 1st day of conception through the 4th day Embryo – 4th day until 8th Week Fetus – 8th Week - birth Birth - around 9th or 10th month Infancy – birth until 1 year of age Toddler – 1-3 years of age Childhood – 3-13 years of age Puberty – age years of ae Early Adulthood – years of age Middle Adulthood – years of age Late Adulthood – 65+ years

17. Childbirth During childbirth:
1)Amniotic sac breaks inside the mother’s uterus
2)Estrogen induces oxytocin receptors on the uterus which stimulates the uterus to contract
3) These contractions push the baby out of the uterus and out of the body
4) Umbilical cord is cut

18. Stages of Life
Embryologically, males and females start out “sexually indifferent”
Gonads, ducts and externally identical structures
At 5 weeks gestation changes start to take place
Puberty: reproductive organs grow to adult size and reproduction becomes possible
Between 10 and 15
Influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones
Testosterone in males
Estrogen in females
Female menopause (between 46 and 54):
Loss of ovulation and fertility